Here are 25 Botany-related multiple-choice questions (MCQs) with answers, designed for the RRB NTPC Exam:
- Which of the following is the process by which plants synthesize their food?
a) Respiration
b) Transpiration
c) Photosynthesis
d) Germination
Answer: c) Photosynthesis - Which part of the plant is responsible for water absorption?
a) Stem
b) Leaf
c) Flower
d) Root
Answer: d) Root - Chlorophyll is present in which part of a plant cell?
a) Mitochondria
b) Nucleus
c) Chloroplast
d) Ribosome
Answer: c) Chloroplast - Which of the following is a non-vascular plant?
a) Fern
b) Moss
c) Pine tree
d) Oak tree
Answer: b) Moss - Which of the following plants is an example of a legume?
a) Wheat
b) Pea
c) Rice
d) Potato
Answer: b) Pea - The process of transpiration occurs through which part of the plant?
a) Stem
b) Roots
c) Flowers
d) Leaves
Answer: d) Leaves - Which hormone is responsible for the ripening of fruits?
a) Auxin
b) Gibberellin
c) Ethylene
d) Cytokinin
Answer: c) Ethylene - What is the term for plants that grow in water?
a) Xerophytes
b) Hydrophytes
c) Halophytes
d) Mesophytes
Answer: b) Hydrophytes - Which of the following is not a macronutrient required by plants?
a) Nitrogen
b) Phosphorus
c) Iron
d) Potassium
Answer: c) Iron - What type of plant tissue is responsible for the transport of water and nutrients?
a) Epidermis
b) Xylem
c) Phloem
d) Cortex
Answer: b) Xylem - Which type of fruit is a mango classified as?
a) Drupe
b) Berry
c) Legume
d) Nut
Answer: a) Drupe - Which of the following is a root vegetable?
a) Carrot
b) Cucumber
c) Apple
d) Tomato
Answer: a) Carrot - What pigment is responsible for the green color in plants?
a) Carotene
b) Xanthophyll
c) Anthocyanin
d) Chlorophyll
Answer: d) Chlorophyll - Which of the following plants performs nitrogen fixation?
a) Wheat
b) Maize
c) Pea
d) Cotton
Answer: c) Pea - Which of the following is NOT a function of roots?
a) Anchorage
b) Storage of food
c) Photosynthesis
d) Absorption of water
Answer: c) Photosynthesis - In which part of the flower is pollen produced?
a) Petal
b) Ovary
c) Anther
d) Sepal
Answer: c) Anther - Which of the following is an example of an angiosperm?
a) Pine
b) Fern
c) Mango tree
d) Moss
Answer: c) Mango tree - Which part of the plant is primarily involved in gas exchange?
a) Stomata
b) Roots
c) Flowers
d) Xylem
Answer: a) Stomata - Which of the following processes helps plants lose excess water?
a) Photosynthesis
b) Respiration
c) Transpiration
d) Absorption
Answer: c) Transpiration - Which plant hormone is known for promoting cell division?
a) Auxin
b) Cytokinin
c) Gibberellin
d) Ethylene
Answer: b) Cytokinin - The transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma is called?
a) Fertilization
b) Pollination
c) Germination
d) Propagation
Answer: b) Pollination - Which of the following plants is a gymnosperm?
a) Rose
b) Sunflower
c) Pine
d) Wheat
Answer: c) Pine - Which part of the plant becomes the fruit?
a) Root
b) Ovary
c) Leaf
d) Stamen
Answer: b) Ovary - Which of the following is responsible for the transport of food in plants?
a) Xylem
b) Phloem
c) Epidermis
d) Cambium
Answer: b) Phloem - Which part of a plant is primarily responsible for its growth in length?
a) Root hairs
b) Cambium
c) Apical meristem
d) Xylem
Answer: c) Apical meristem
Botany practice questions that may appear in competitive exams like RRB NTPC, covering key concepts in plant biology. [Practice Set 2]
- Which plant tissue is responsible for transporting food produced in leaves to other parts of the plant?
a) Xylem
b) Phloem
c) Epidermis
d) Cortex
Answer: b) Phloem - Which of the following is a parasitic plant?
a) Cuscuta
b) Neem
c) Mango
d) Banyan
Answer: a) Cuscuta - What is the primary pigment involved in photosynthesis?
a) Chlorophyll
b) Anthocyanin
c) Xanthophyll
d) Carotene
Answer: a) Chlorophyll - What is the function of stomata in plants?
a) Water absorption
b) Food storage
c) Gas exchange
d) Nutrient transport
Answer: c) Gas exchange - Which of the following is an example of a xerophyte?
a) Lotus
b) Cactus
c) Rice
d) Mango
Answer: b) Cactus - The process of converting atmospheric nitrogen into a form usable by plants is known as:
a) Denitrification
b) Nitrification
c) Nitrogen fixation
d) Assimilation
Answer: c) Nitrogen fixation - Which plant hormone is responsible for the growth of roots?
a) Cytokinin
b) Ethylene
c) Gibberellin
d) Auxin
Answer: d) Auxin - Which of the following is an underground stem?
a) Carrot
b) Ginger
c) Radish
d) Spinach
Answer: b) Ginger - Which group of plants is commonly known for having “naked seeds”?
a) Gymnosperms
b) Angiosperms
c) Algae
d) Bryophytes
Answer: a) Gymnosperms - Which of the following is not a part of a flower’s reproductive organs?
a) Petal
b) Stamen
c) Pistil
d) Ovary
Answer: a) Petal - Which of the following plant parts is involved in vegetative reproduction?
a) Leaf
b) Flower
c) Stem
d) Seed
Answer: c) Stem - Which of the following elements is essential for chlorophyll formation?
a) Iron
b) Magnesium
c) Phosphorus
d) Potassium
Answer: b) Magnesium - Which of the following is a monocot plant?
a) Wheat
b) Pea
c) Bean
d) Mustard
Answer: a) Wheat - What is the process of seed germination in which the seed absorbs water called?
a) Imbibition
b) Respiration
c) Transpiration
d) Photosynthesis
Answer: a) Imbibition - Which of the following types of roots do monocot plants typically have?
a) Taproots
b) Fibrous roots
c) Adventitious roots
d) Prop roots
Answer: b) Fibrous roots - Which of the following is a modified stem?
a) Potato
b) Carrot
c) Beetroot
d) Lettuce
Answer: a) Potato - What type of fruit is a grape classified as?
a) Berry
b) Drupe
c) Legume
d) Capsule
Answer: a) Berry - In photosynthesis, oxygen is released as a by-product. This oxygen comes from the splitting of:
a) Carbon dioxide
b) Water
c) Glucose
d) Chlorophyll
Answer: b) Water - The presence of which pigment gives flowers their red, blue, or purple colors?
a) Chlorophyll
b) Carotene
c) Xanthophyll
d) Anthocyanin
Answer: d) Anthocyanin - Which of the following plant diseases is caused by fungi?
a) Rust
b) Wilt
c) Mosaic
d) Bacterial blight
Answer: a) Rust - Which of the following is an example of a carnivorous plant?
a) Sunflower
b) Venus flytrap
c) Rose
d) Neem
Answer: b) Venus flytrap - Which of the following is an example of a dicot plant?
a) Rice
b) Mango
c) Maize
d) Bamboo
Answer: b) Mango - What is the primary function of phloem in plants?
a) Transport water
b) Transport nutrients
c) Transport food
d) Provide support
Answer: c) Transport food - Which of the following gases is essential for the process of photosynthesis?
a) Oxygen
b) Carbon dioxide
c) Nitrogen
d) Hydrogen
Answer: b) Carbon dioxide - Which part of the plant is responsible for anchoring it to the soil?
a) Leaf
b) Flower
c) Root
d) Stem
Answer: c) Root
Botany practice questions that may appear in competitive exams like RRB NTPC, covering key concepts in plant biology. [Practice Set 3]
- Which plant structure is responsible for absorbing sunlight?
a) Roots
b) Stems
c) Leaves
d) Flowers
Answer: c) Leaves - Which of the following is a micronutrient for plants?
a) Nitrogen
b) Calcium
c) Iron
d) Phosphorus
Answer: c) Iron - In which plant organ does photosynthesis primarily take place?
a) Stem
b) Roots
c) Leaves
d) Flower
Answer: c) Leaves - What is the main function of the cuticle layer in plant leaves?
a) Transport of food
b) Protection from water loss
c) Absorption of light
d) Transport of water
Answer: b) Protection from water loss - Which of the following is a plant hormone responsible for stem elongation?
a) Ethylene
b) Cytokinin
c) Gibberellin
d) Abscisic acid
Answer: c) Gibberellin - Which part of the plant is responsible for the production of seeds?
a) Leaves
b) Stems
c) Flowers
d) Roots
Answer: c) Flowers - Which of the following plants reproduces through spores?
a) Fern
b) Rose
c) Mango
d) Pea
Answer: a) Fern - What is the name of the process in which plants lose water through their leaves?
a) Respiration
b) Transpiration
c) Photosynthesis
d) Digestion
Answer: b) Transpiration - Which of the following is a part of the female reproductive organ in flowers?
a) Anther
b) Stigma
c) Petal
d) Filament
Answer: b) Stigma - Which of the following is NOT a function of stems?
a) Support
b) Transport
c) Water absorption
d) Photosynthesis
Answer: c) Water absorption - Which of the following plants is used to extract rubber?
a) Bamboo
b) Oak
c) Hevea brasiliensis
d) Neem
Answer: c) Hevea brasiliensis - Which is the primary factor that determines the opening and closing of stomata in plants?
a) Light
b) Temperature
c) Water pressure
d) Soil nutrients
Answer: c) Water pressure - Which of the following is a primary producer in an ecosystem?
a) Insects
b) Herbivores
c) Plants
d) Fungi
Answer: c) Plants - Which gas is released during the process of photosynthesis?
a) Oxygen
b) Carbon dioxide
c) Nitrogen
d) Hydrogen
Answer: a) Oxygen - Which part of a plant is responsible for the production of pollen?
a) Ovule
b) Stigma
c) Anther
d) Sepal
Answer: c) Anther - The term “cotyledon” refers to which part of a plant?
a) Root
b) Seed leaf
c) Fruit
d) Stem
Answer: b) Seed leaf - Which type of plant tissue is responsible for growth in thickness?
a) Cambium
b) Epidermis
c) Xylem
d) Phloem
Answer: a) Cambium - Which of the following is a characteristic of gymnosperms?
a) Flowers
b) Fruits
c) Naked seeds
d) Broad leaves
Answer: c) Naked seeds - Which plant pigment reflects red and purple light, giving plants those colors?
a) Chlorophyll
b) Anthocyanin
c) Xanthophyll
d) Carotene
Answer: b) Anthocyanin - What is the male gametophyte in flowering plants known as?
a) Ovule
b) Pollen grain
c) Stamen
d) Petal
Answer: b) Pollen grain - Which of the following is considered a “biennial” plant?
a) Wheat
b) Rice
c) Carrot
d) Mango
Answer: c) Carrot - Which process is responsible for the movement of water from roots to leaves in plants?
a) Respiration
b) Transpiration pull
c) Photosynthesis
d) Evaporation
Answer: b) Transpiration pull - Which plant organelle is responsible for storing water and nutrients?
a) Mitochondria
b) Vacuole
c) Chloroplast
d) Nucleus
Answer: b) Vacuole - Which part of a plant contains chloroplasts and is responsible for photosynthesis?
a) Stem
b) Leaf
c) Root
d) Flower
Answer: b) Leaf - Which of the following is a symbiotic relationship between fungi and plant roots?
a) Lichen
b) Mycorrhiza
c) Bryophytes
d) Gymnosperms
Answer: b) Mycorrhiza
Botany practice questions that may appear in competitive exams like RRB NTPC, covering key concepts in plant biology. [Practice Set 4]
- Which part of a plant embryo develops into the root?
a) Radicle
b) Plumule
c) Cotyledon
d) Endosperm
Answer: a) Radicle - What is the term for the process by which seeds begin to grow and develop into a new plant?
a) Pollination
b) Germination
c) Transpiration
d) Fertilization
Answer: b) Germination - Which type of fruit is formed without fertilization?
a) Aggregate fruit
b) Multiple fruit
c) Parthenocarpic fruit
d) Simple fruit
Answer: c) Parthenocarpic fruit - Which of the following is a major greenhouse gas involved in the process of photosynthesis?
a) Methane
b) Carbon dioxide
c) Nitrous oxide
d) Oxygen
Answer: b) Carbon dioxide - Which plant part is modified into a tuber in potatoes?
a) Root
b) Leaf
c) Stem
d) Flower
Answer: c) Stem - Which of the following plant hormones is known as the “stress hormone”?
a) Auxin
b) Gibberellin
c) Cytokinin
d) Abscisic acid
Answer: d) Abscisic acid - Which part of the leaf contains most of the chloroplasts and is the primary site for photosynthesis?
a) Cuticle
b) Spongy mesophyll
c) Palisade mesophyll
d) Epidermis
Answer: c) Palisade mesophyll - Which of the following is an example of a plant adaptation for drought conditions?
a) Broad leaves
b) Deep roots
c) Thin cuticle
d) High stomatal density
Answer: b) Deep roots - In which of the following structures does pollination primarily occur?
a) Leaf
b) Ovary
c) Stigma
d) Stem
Answer: c) Stigma - What is the primary function of root hairs?
a) Water and mineral absorption
b) Photosynthesis
c) Reproduction
d) Food storage
Answer: a) Water and mineral absorption - What type of venation is typical in monocot leaves?
a) Parallel venation
b) Reticulate venation
c) Cross venation
d) Radial venation
Answer: a) Parallel venation - Which of the following plants is a nitrogen-fixing plant?
a) Wheat
b) Pea
c) Maize
d) Mango
Answer: b) Pea - Which of the following processes takes place in mitochondria?
a) Photosynthesis
b) Respiration
c) Transpiration
d) Pollination
Answer: b) Respiration - Which of the following is a plant disease caused by a bacterium?
a) Rust
b) Powdery mildew
c) Citrus canker
d) Smut
Answer: c) Citrus canker - What is the botanical term for the leaf arrangement where two leaves are directly opposite each other on the stem?
a) Alternate
b) Opposite
c) Whorled
d) Spiral
Answer: b) Opposite - Which type of reproduction involves only one parent and produces offspring genetically identical to the parent?
a) Sexual reproduction
b) Vegetative reproduction
c) Cross-pollination
d) Self-pollination
Answer: b) Vegetative reproduction - Which plant group is characterized by having seeds enclosed within a fruit?
a) Gymnosperms
b) Angiosperms
c) Bryophytes
d) Pteridophytes
Answer: b) Angiosperms - Which process involves the conversion of light energy into chemical energy in plants?
a) Respiration
b) Photosynthesis
c) Transpiration
d) Fermentation
Answer: b) Photosynthesis - Which part of the seed provides nourishment to the developing embryo?
a) Radicle
b) Plumule
c) Cotyledon
d) Seed coat
Answer: c) Cotyledon - In which of the following plant tissues is water transported from the roots to the leaves?
a) Phloem
b) Cambium
c) Xylem
d) Cortex
Answer: c) Xylem - Which of the following is a characteristic of dicot plants?
a) Parallel leaf venation
b) One cotyledon
c) Vascular bundles scattered
d) Taproot system
Answer: d) Taproot system - Which of the following is a type of dry fruit that splits open at maturity?
a) Drupe
b) Berry
c) Capsule
d) Nut
Answer: c) Capsule - Which plant hormone is involved in fruit ripening?
a) Ethylene
b) Auxin
c) Cytokinin
d) Gibberellin
Answer: a) Ethylene - Which of the following is an example of a plant that undergoes alternation of generations?
a) Rose
b) Fern
c) Bamboo
d) Pine
Answer: b) Fern - Which process is responsible for the upward movement of water and dissolved nutrients from the roots?
a) Osmosis
b) Transpiration pull
c) Active transport
d) Photosynthesis
Answer: b) Transpiration pull