GK & History

General Science One-Liners for RRB Group D & ALP: 70 Most-Repeated Facts

Pareeksha Editorial · 10 min read · Updated 13 July 2026

General Science is 25 questions in RRB Group D and 20 in RRB ALP CBT-1 - and almost every question is a one-line NCERT Class 9–10 fact. This page compresses the highest-frequency facts into three revision tables. Read one table per sitting, then immediately attempt the matching Science practice set - recall within an hour of reading doubles retention.

Physics one-liners (units, motion, electricity, light, sound)

Question / factAnswer
SI unit of forcenewton (N); 1 N = 1 kg·m/s²
SI unit of work and energyjoule (J)
SI unit of powerwatt (W); 1 hp ≈ 746 W
SI unit of pressurepascal (Pa)
SI unit of frequencyhertz (Hz)
SI unit of electric currentampere (A)
Speed of light in vacuum3 × 10⁸ m/s
Speed of sound in air (approx.)≈ 343 m/s at 20°C; fastest in solids, slowest in gases
Newton's first lawLaw of inertia
Newton's third lawEvery action has an equal and opposite reaction
Acceleration due to gravity (g)≈ 9.8 m/s²; maximum at poles, minimum at equator
Mass vs weightMass is constant everywhere; weight = mg, changes with g
Device to measure currentAmmeter (connected in series)
Device to measure potential differenceVoltmeter (connected in parallel)
Ohm's lawV = IR
Commercial unit of electrical energykilowatt-hour (kWh) = 1 'unit' = 3.6 × 10⁶ J
A fuse wire hasHigh resistance and low melting point
Image in a plane mirrorVirtual, erect, laterally inverted, same size
Mirror used as a rear-view mirrorConvex mirror (wider field of view)
Mirror used by dentistsConcave mirror
Lens used to correct myopiaConcave lens; hypermetropia → convex lens
Splitting of white light by a prismDispersion; violet bends most, red least
The sky appears blue due toScattering of light (Rayleigh scattering)
Sound cannot travel throughVacuum
Frequency range of human hearing20 Hz to 20,000 Hz
Waves used by bats and in SONARUltrasonic waves (above 20,000 Hz)

Chemistry one-liners (atoms, acids-bases, metals, everyday chemistry)

Question / factAnswer
Smallest particle of an elementAtom; smallest particle of a compound that exists freely - molecule
Proton discovered by / electron discovered byGoldstein (proton, canal rays); J. J. Thomson (electron)
Neutron discovered byJames Chadwick (1932)
Atomic number =Number of protons; Mass number = protons + neutrons
IsotopesSame atomic number, different mass number (e.g. H-1, H-2, H-3)
Modern periodic law given byHenry Moseley - properties are a periodic function of atomic number
Most abundant element in Earth's crustOxygen, followed by silicon; most abundant metal - aluminium
Most abundant gas in the atmosphereNitrogen (~78%)
pH of pure water / human blood7 (neutral) / ≈ 7.4 (slightly basic)
Acid in lemon / vinegar / ant stingCitric acid / acetic acid / formic (methanoic) acid
Common salt / baking soda / washing sodaNaCl / NaHCO₃ / Na₂CO₃·10H₂O
Plaster of Paris formulaCaSO₄·½H₂O (calcium sulphate hemihydrate)
Chemical name of bleaching powderCalcium oxychloride, CaOCl₂
Hardest natural substanceDiamond (an allotrope of carbon)
Liquid metal at room temperatureMercury; liquid non-metal - bromine
Metal that floats on waterSodium and potassium (stored in kerosene)
Rusting of iron requiresBoth oxygen and moisture; prevention - galvanisation (zinc coating)
Brass is an alloy ofCopper + zinc; Bronze - copper + tin; Steel - iron + carbon
Gas released when acids react with metalsHydrogen (burns with a pop sound)
Dry ice isSolid carbon dioxide (CO₂)
LPG mainly contains / CNG mainly containsButane (with propane) / methane
Gas used in electric bulbsArgon (inert gas); in tube lights - mercury vapour + argon

Biology one-liners (cell, human body, diseases, genetics)

Question / factAnswer
Basic structural and functional unit of lifeCell (discovered by Robert Hooke, 1665)
Powerhouse of the cellMitochondria; kitchen of the cell - chloroplast
Cell organelle called 'suicide bag'Lysosome
Site of photosynthesis and its equationChloroplast; 6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ (in sunlight, chlorophyll)
Largest organ / largest gland of human bodySkin / liver
Largest and smallest boneFemur (thigh) / stapes (middle ear)
Number of bones in adult human body206 (306 at birth); muscles - over 600
Normal human blood pressure / heartbeat120/80 mm Hg / 72 beats per minute (resting)
Universal donor / universal recipient blood groupO negative / AB positive
Blood component that helps clottingPlatelets (thrombocytes)
Oxygen carrier in bloodHaemoglobin (contains iron)
Master gland of human bodyPituitary gland
Insulin is produced byBeta cells of islets of Langerhans in the pancreas; deficiency - diabetes mellitus
Vitamin C deficiency causes / Vitamin D deficiency causesScurvy / rickets (children), osteomalacia (adults)
Vitamin A deficiency / Vitamin B12 deficiencyNight blindness / pernicious anaemia
Vitamin synthesised by skin in sunlightVitamin D
Iodine deficiency causesGoitre (thyroid enlargement)
Exchange of gases in lungs occurs atAlveoli
Functional unit of kidneyNephron
Diseases caused by virusesCommon cold, influenza, dengue, rabies, polio, COVID-19, AIDS
Diseases caused by bacteriaTuberculosis, typhoid, cholera, tetanus, leprosy
Diseases caused by protozoaMalaria (Plasmodium, female Anopheles), amoebiasis, kala-azar
Father of geneticsGregor Mendel (worked on pea plants)
DNA double helix model given byWatson and Crick (1953)

How to use these tables

These ~70 facts cover the most repeated one-mark science questions in Railway exams, but they are anchors, not the whole syllabus - each row should remind you of the NCERT chapter behind it. The working method: read a table, close it, and write whatever you remember on paper; whatever you missed goes into your error notebook. After two passes, move to timed practice sets and let the wrong answers tell you which chapter to reopen. Science rewards exactly this loop - facts in, recall out, gaps patched.

Frequently asked questions

How many science questions come in RRB Group D?

25 questions (out of 100) in the CBT - General Science at Class 9–10 NCERT level covering physics, chemistry and life sciences. In RRB ALP CBT-1 it is 20 questions.

Is NCERT enough for RRB General Science?

Yes - Class 9 and 10 NCERT Science covers the syllabus boundary for Group D and ALP CBT-1. Supplement with one-liner revision and timed practice sets; you do not need higher-level books.

What are the most repeated science topics in Railway exams?

Units and measurements, laws of motion, electricity basics, light and sound, acids-bases-salts, metals and alloys, the human body (blood, bones, glands, vitamins), and diseases with their causal organisms.