13. Glossary of Key Terms Used in This Guide

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This glossary collects every piece of terminology this guide has introduced, purely for quick lookup. Where a term is this guide's own coinage rather than standard grammar vocabulary, that is noted explicitly, since you will not find it in a dictionary.

Term	Meaning
Backward hook (this guide's term)	Whatever a sentence needs from an earlier sentence to make sense — a pronoun needing an antecedent, a "however" needing a contrasting claim, a "therefore" needing a stated cause.
Forward hook (this guide's term)	Whatever a sentence offers to a later sentence — a noun a pronoun could later pick up, a claim a later sentence could support or challenge.
Unbreakable pair (this guide's term)	Two sentences joined by a clue specific enough that no other sentence could plausibly sit between them — the recommended starting point of the four-step method in Section 4.2.
Opener	The sentence that begins the paragraph; must introduce its subject in a way a reader with no prior context can follow (Section 2.2).
Closer	The sentence that ends the paragraph; typically resolves, concludes, or draws a consequence from everything before it (Section 2.3).
Fixed-first-sentence format	The classic S1...S6 style where the opening and closing sentences are given, and only the middle sentences (often labelled P, Q, R, S) must be arranged.
Fully-jumbled MCQ-option format	The style where all sentences are scrambled with no fixed anchor, and four ready-made orderings are given as answer options.
Antecedent	The noun a pronoun refers back to — "the officer" is the antecedent of "he" in a following sentence.
Demonstrative	A word (this, that, these, those, such) that points to something already mentioned, rather than introducing something new.
Additive connector	A linking word (moreover, furthermore, also) that signals a sentence is extending the immediately preceding idea.
Contrastive connector	A linking word (however, but, yet, nevertheless) that signals a sentence is pushing back against or qualifying the immediately preceding idea.
Causal connector	A linking word (because, since, as) that introduces the reason behind an effect described elsewhere in the paragraph.
Result connector	A linking word (therefore, thus, hence, consequently) that introduces the consequence of a cause described in an earlier sentence.
Matched contrastive pair	Two sentences built around a paired structure such as "critics argue... supporters, on the other hand..." that must sit immediately next to each other (Rule 28).
Enumeration marker	A numbered-list-style word (firstly, secondly, finally) whose relative order in the paragraph must match its numeric order (Rule 12).
Trap option (this guide's term)	A distractor answer choice in the MCQ format built to get the two end sentences right while scrambling an internal pair, exploiting candidates who verify only the opener and closer (Section 5, point 8; Trap 19).
Locked pair	Synonym for unbreakable pair, used interchangeably in Sections 4 and 11 when annotating worked passages.
Dominant thread	The single controlling logic (chronological, cause-effect, or argumentative) that a well-formed paragraph is built around (Section 2.1).

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