Thirty-Case Flash Check

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Which 13-judge bench case birthed the Basic Structure doctrine? — Kesavananda Bharati (1973).
Which case first said Parliament cannot touch Part III at all, later overruled? — Golak Nath (1967).
Which two earlier cases had upheld Parliament's unrestricted amending power, reversed by Golak Nath? — Shankari Prasad (1951) and Sajjan Singh (1965).
Which case turned Art. 21 from procedural to substantive due process? — Maneka Gandhi (1978).
Which 9-judge bench recognised privacy as a Fundamental Right, and which two older cases did it overrule? — Puttaswamy (2017); overruled M.P. Sharma (1954) and Kharak Singh (1962).
Which case made Art. 356 justiciable and tied secularism/federalism to Basic Structure? — S.R. Bommai (1994).
Which case created the collegium system, and which case struck down the attempt to replace it? — Second Judges case (1993); NJAC case (2015).
Which case introduced "creamy layer" and the 50% reservation cap? — Indira Sawhney (1992).
Which case relaxed Nagaraj's requirement to collect quantifiable backwardness data for SC/ST promotion quotas? — Jarnail Singh v. Lachhmi Narain Gupta (2018).
Which case decriminalised homosexuality, and which case had it overruled? — Navtej Singh Johar (2018), overruling Suresh Kumar Koushal (2013).
Which case struck down Sec. 66A of the IT Act? — Shreya Singhal (2015).
Which case narrowed but upheld the sedition law? — Kedar Nath Singh (1962).
Which case struck down the Electoral Bond Scheme? — ADR v. Union of India (2024).
Which earlier ADR case established voters' right to know candidates' criminal/asset details? — Union of India v. Association for Democratic Reforms (2002).
Which case upheld Article 370's abrogation? — In Re: Article 370 (2023).
Which case decided the Ayodhya title dispute? — M. Siddiq (2019).
Which case recognised transgender self-identification? — NALSA (2014).
Which case gave India the "polluter pays" and "precautionary" principles? — Vellore Citizens' Welfare Forum (1996).
Which case evolved the doctrine of Absolute Liability? — M.C. Mehta (Oleum Gas Leak case, 1987).
Which case struck down instant triple talaq? — Shayara Bano (2017).
Which case laid down arrest/detention safeguards? — D.K. Basu (1996/97).
Which case upheld passive euthanasia and living wills, building on which earlier case? — Common Cause (2018), building on Aruna Shanbaug (2011).
Which case first applied the "rarest of rare" doctrine to the death penalty, and which case elaborated its categories? — Bachan Singh (1980); elaborated by Machhi Singh (1983).
Which 11-judge bench case defined minority-institution autonomy? — T.M.A. Pai Foundation (2002).
Which case held bigamy occurs when a Hindu husband converts to Islam solely to remarry? — Sarla Mudgal (1995).
Which case extended Art. 20(3)'s self-incrimination protection to police interrogation itself? — Nandini Satpathy (1978).
Which case held narco-analysis/polygraph tests without consent are unconstitutional? — Selvi v. State of Karnataka (2010).
Which case introduced the NOTA option on ballots? — PUCL v. Union of India (2013).
Which case is the origin of the "effect test" that fed into Maneka Gandhi's reasoning? — R.C. Cooper v. Union of India (Bank Nationalisation case) (1970).
Which case exposed undertrial prisoners' prolonged detention and read speedy trial + free legal aid into Art. 21? — Hussainara Khatoon v. State of Bihar (1979).

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