Twenty-Five-Question Flash Check

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Which battle turned Ashoka toward Buddhism? — The Kalinga War, 261 BCE.
Which Ashokan edict records his remorse over Kalinga in his own words? — Rock Edict XIII.
Who authored the Arthashastra, and whom did he mentor to found the Mauryan Empire? — Chanakya (Kautilya); mentored Chandragupta Maurya.
What were the Sabha and Samiti, and in which period did they matter most? — Vedic-era assemblies that could check the king's power; strongest in the Early Vedic period, weakened in the Later Vedic period.
Which Mahajanapada, with which capital, rose to found India's first empire? — Magadha, capital Rajgir (later Pataliputra).
Who is called the "Napoleon of India," and on which inscription is his reign recorded? — Samudragupta; the Allahabad Prashasti, composed by Harishena.
Which Gupta-era mathematician is credited with the concept of zero in a decimal place-value system? — Aryabhata.
Which Chinese pilgrim visited Chandragupta II's court, and which one visited Harshavardhana's? — Fa-Hien (Chandragupta II); Hiuen Tsang/Xuanzang (Harshavardhana).
Who defeated Harshavardhana, and where? — Pulakeshin II of the Chalukyas of Badami, at the Battle of the Narmada.
Name the three powers in the Tripartite Struggle for Kannauj. — Gurjara-Pratiharas, Palas, and Rashtrakutas.
Which dynasty built the rock-cut Kailasa Temple at Ellora, and under which ruler? — Rashtrakutas, under Krishna I.
Which two Chola rulers built the empire's peak naval and territorial power? — Rajaraja Chola I and Rajendra Chola I.
What do the Uttaramerur inscriptions describe? — The detailed procedure for selecting members of Chola village Sabhas, including the kudavolai lot system.
Name the five dynasties of the Delhi Sultanate, in order. — Slave (Mamluk), Khilji, Tughlaq, Sayyid, Lodi.
Who was the only woman to rule Delhi as Sultan? — Razia Sultana.
Which Sultan introduced the Iqta system and the Turkan-i-Chihalgani? — Iltutmish.
Which Sultan's market-control reforms fixed prices to sustain a large standing army? — Alauddin Khilji.
Which Tughlaq ruler attempted a failed capital shift, and to where? — Muhammad bin Tughlaq, to Daulatabad.
Which Delhi Sultan founded the city of Agra? — Sikandar Lodi.
Which battle ended the Delhi Sultanate and began the Mughal Empire? — First Battle of Panipat, 1526.
Who defeated Vijayanagara, and in which battle? — A coalition of the Deccan Sultanates, at the Battle of Talikota, 1565.
Who ruled north India between Humayun's two reigns, and what currency did he introduce? — Sher Shah Suri (Sur Empire), 1540–1555; the silver Rupiya.
What was Akbar's Mansabdari system? — A graded rank system (zat and sawar) unifying civil status and military obligation for all imperial officers.
Which Mughal emperor re-imposed the jizya tax, and which earlier emperor had abolished it? — Aurangzeb re-imposed it; Akbar had abolished it.
What were Chauth and Sardeshmukhi? — Maratha revenue levies — Chauth (25% of a region's revenue paid to avert raids) and Sardeshmukhi (an additional 10% hereditary overlordship due).
Who founded the Maratha Ashtapradhan council, and name two of its eight posts. — Shivaji; e.g., Peshwa (finance/administration) and Nyayadhish (justice).
Which battle halted Maratha northward expansion, and against whom? — Third Battle of Panipat, 1761, against Ahmad Shah Abdali.
Who unified the Sikh Empire, and how did it finally fall? — Maharaja Ranjit Singh; annexed by the British after the Anglo-Sikh Wars (1845–46, 1848–49).

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