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← Index: Governor-Generals and Viceroys: Complete TimelineChapter 12
Study Guide · Chapter 12

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  1. Who was the first Governor-General of Bengal? — Warren Hastings, 1773.
  2. Which Act created the post of "Governor-General of India" (replacing "of Bengal")? — Government of India Act, 1833.
  3. Which single individual held both the last "Governor-General of Bengal" title and the first "Governor-General of India" title? — Lord William Bentinck.
  4. Who introduced the Permanent Settlement of Bengal, and what was its key long-term consequence? — Lord Cornwallis, 1793; it fixed land revenue in perpetuity and turned zamindars into quasi-owners, leaving cultivators without tenure security.
  5. Which Governor-General introduced the Doctrine of Lapse, and name two states annexed under it. — Lord Dalhousie; e.g., Satara, Jhansi, Nagpur, Sambalpur (any two).
  6. Who was the last Governor-General of India (under Company rule) and simultaneously the first Viceroy of India? — Lord Canning.
  7. Which Act created the title "Viceroy," and in what year did it take effect? — Government of India Act, 1858.
  8. Which Viceroy partitioned Bengal in 1905, and what movement did it trigger? — Lord Curzon; the Swadeshi Movement.
  9. Which Viceroy oversaw the Jallianwala Bagh massacre and the Rowlatt Act? — Lord Chelmsford, 1919.
  10. Which Viceroy oversaw the Salt March and signed a pact with Gandhi in 1931? — Lord Irwin (Gandhi-Irwin Pact).
  11. Which Viceroy served the longest, and what years? — Lord Linlithgow, 1936–1943.
  12. Which Viceroy presided over the Bengal Famine's continuation, the Shimla Conference, and the INA trials? — Lord Wavell, 1943–1947.
  13. Who was the last Viceroy of India, and what plan announced Partition? — Lord Mountbatten; the Mountbatten Plan, June 1947.
  14. Who was the only Indian-born Governor-General of India? — C. Rajagopalachari (Rajaji), 1948–1950.
  15. On what date did the office of Governor-General end, and what replaced it? — 26 January 1950; replaced by the President of India.
  16. What was the Ilbert Bill (1883), and why did it provoke such a strong reaction? — A proposal to let qualified Indian judges try Europeans in criminal cases; it provoked fierce, racially charged protest from the European community and had to be diluted, exposing colonial justice's double standards.
  17. Which Viceroy was assassinated in India, where, and by whom? — Lord Mayo, at the Andaman Islands, by convict Sher Ali Afridi, 1872.
  18. Who is the London-based counterpart to the Viceroy, and to whom was he accountable? — The Secretary of State for India; accountable to the British Parliament.
  19. In the "Morley-Minto Reforms," which name is the Secretary of State and which is the Viceroy? — Morley = Secretary of State (London); Minto (II) = Viceroy (India).
  20. What did the Government of India Act, 1919 introduce in the provinces, and what does that term mean? — Dyarchy: a split between "transferred" subjects run by Indian ministers and "reserved" subjects kept with British officials.
  21. What did the Government of India Act, 1935 propose that was never actually implemented? — An All-India Federation of British provinces and princely states.
  22. Which Viceroy resigned over a dispute with the Commander-in-Chief rather than over the policy he is most remembered for? — Lord Curzon (resigned over the Kitchener dispute, not directly over the Partition of Bengal).
  23. What did the Indian Independence Act, 1947 do to the princely states' relationship with the Crown, and why did this end the "Viceroy" function? — It ended British paramountcy over the princely states; with no states left under Crown suzerainty to represent, the post-1947 head of state role no longer needed a "Viceroy" hat, only "Governor-General."
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