Which Veda is considered the source of Indian classical music? Answer: Samaveda.
Who wrote the Sangita Ratnakara? Answer: Sharangadeva.
Into how many thaats did Bhatkhande classify Hindustani ragas? Answer: Ten.
What is the Carnatic raga classification scheme called, and how many ragas does it cover? Answer: The Melakarta scheme, 72 ragas.
Who formalised the Melakarta scheme? Answer: Venkatamakhin.
Who is called the "Father of Carnatic Music"? Answer: Purandara Dasa.
Name the three composers of the Carnatic Trinity. Answer: Tyagaraja, Muthuswami Dikshitar, and Syama Sastri.
Which vocal genre is the oldest and most austere in Hindustani music? Answer: Dhrupad.
Which genre is closely associated with Kathak dance and Lucknow court culture? Answer: Thumri.
Who was the legendary musician at Akbar's court? Answer: Tansen.
Which poet-musician is traditionally credited with developing the sitar, tabla, Khyal, and Qawwali? Answer: Amir Khusrau.
Who was the first musician to receive the Bharat Ratna? Answer: M.S. Subbulakshmi (1998).
Which Hindustani instrumentalist, a shehnai player, was among the first instrumentalists to receive the Bharat Ratna? Answer: Ustad Bismillah Khan.
Who popularised Indian classical (sitar) music internationally? Answer: Pandit Ravi Shankar.
Which percussion instrument is the principal accompaniment in Carnatic music? Answer: Mridangam.
Which instrument is traditionally associated with Dhrupad accompaniment? Answer: Pakhawaj.
Which mystic minstrel musical tradition is from Bengal? Answer: Baul.
Who composed both "Jana Gana Mana" and "Amar Sonar Bangla"? Answer: Rabindranath Tagore.
Which hereditary musician communities of Rajasthan are known for folk music? Answer: Manganiyar and Langa communities.
Which devotional Sufi musical genre is associated with Nizamuddin Auliya's shrine? Answer: Qawwali.

(End of Music notes. Cross-reference with the Dances and Paintings files for related cultural context.)