IMPORTANT ONE-LINERS FOR QUICK REVISION

IMPORTANT ONE-LINERS FOR QUICK REVISION

1. Battle of Plassey (23 June 1757) — Robert Clive defeated Siraj-ud-Daulah; foundation of British political power in India.
2. Battle of Buxar (22 October 1764) — Hector Munro defeated combined forces of Mir Qasim, Shuja-ud-Daulah, and Shah Alam II.
3. Treaty of Allahabad (1765) — Company got Diwani rights of Bengal, Bihar, Odisha from Shah Alam II.
4. Dual Government of Bengal (1765–1772) — ended by Warren Hastings.
5. Tipu Sultan died defending Seringapatam on 4 May 1799 (Fourth Anglo-Mysore War).
6. Treaty of Seringapatam (1792) signed after the Third Anglo-Mysore War.
7. Battle of Assaye (1803) — part of the Second Anglo-Maratha War; fought by Arthur Wellesley.
8. Peshwaship was abolished in 1818 after the Third Anglo-Maratha War (Lord Hastings).
9. Treaty of Bassein (1802) brought Peshwa Baji Rao II under the Subsidiary Alliance system.
10. Treaty of Amritsar (1846) — Kashmir sold to Gulab Singh for Rs 75 lakh.
11. Punjab was annexed by Lord Dalhousie in 1849 after the Second Anglo-Sikh War.
12. Sindh was annexed by Sir Charles Napier in 1843; Awadh by Dalhousie in 1856.
13. Subsidiary Alliance System — introduced by Lord Wellesley; Nizam of Hyderabad first to accept, 1798.
14. Doctrine of Lapse — introduced by Lord Dalhousie; Satara (1848) was the first state annexed under it.
15. Jhansi was annexed under the Doctrine of Lapse in 1853/54.
16. Dadabhai Naoroji propounded the "Drain of Wealth" theory in "Poverty and Un-British Rule in India" (1901).
17. R.C. Dutt wrote "The Economic History of India" (1902).
18. Permanent Settlement (Zamindari System) was introduced by Lord Cornwallis in 1793 in Bengal, Bihar, Odisha.
19. Ryotwari System was introduced by Thomas Munro in Madras Presidency (from 1820).
20. Mahalwari System was introduced under Holt Mackenzie's Regulation VII of 1822, mainly in North-Western Provinces and Punjab.
21. The Bengal Famine of 1770 occurred during the period of Dual Government.
22. The Great Famine of 1876–78 led to the Strachey/Famine Commission of 1880.
23. The Bengal Famine of 1943 (during WWII) killed an estimated 3 million people.
24. Raja Ram Mohan Roy founded Brahmo Sabha in 1828; called "Father of Modern India."
25. Sati was abolished by Lord William Bentinck's Regulation XVII of 1829, following Ram Mohan Roy's campaign.
26. Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar's efforts led to the Hindu Widows' Remarriage Act, 1856.
27. Arya Samaj was founded by Swami Dayanand Saraswati in Bombay in 1875; authored "Satyarth Prakash."
28. Theosophical Society was founded by Blavatsky and Olcott in New York in 1875; headquarters at Adyar, Madras.
29. Annie Besant became President of the Theosophical Society (1907) and the first woman President of the Indian National Congress (1917).
30. Swami Vivekananda founded the Ramakrishna Mission in 1897 at Belur Math.
31. Vivekananda's famous speech at the World's Parliament of Religions was delivered in Chicago in 1893.
32. Sir Syed Ahmed Khan founded the MAO College at Aligarh in 1875, which became Aligarh Muslim University in 1920.
33. Jyotiba Phule founded the Satyashodhak Samaj in Maharashtra in 1873.
34. Prarthana Samaj was founded in Bombay in 1867.
35. Macaulay's Minute on Indian Education was presented in 1835; introduced English as the medium of instruction.
36. Wood's Despatch (1854), the "Magna Carta of English Education," led to the establishment of Calcutta, Bombay, and Madras Universities in 1857.
37. The Hunter Commission (1882) focused on primary and vernacular education, under Viceroy Lord Ripon.
38. Banaras Hindu University was established in 1916 by Madan Mohan Malaviya.
39. Osmania University (1918) was the first university to use Urdu as its medium of instruction.
40. Hicky's Bengal Gazette (1780) was the first newspaper published in India.
41. The Press Act of 1835 (Metcalfe Act) liberalized the press; Charles Metcalfe is called the "Liberator of the Indian Press."
42. The Vernacular Press Act (1878), enacted by Lord Lytton, was repealed by Lord Ripon in 1882.
43. Clement Attlee announced the British intent to transfer power by June 1948, on 20 February 1947.
44. The Mountbatten Plan (3 June 1947) proposed the partition of India into two dominions.
45. The Indian Independence Act, 1947, was passed by the British Parliament on 18 July 1947.
46. India became independent on 15 August 1947; Pakistan on 14 August 1947.
47. Sir Cyril Radcliffe headed the Boundary Commission; the Radcliffe Line was announced on 17 August 1947.
48. Jawaharlal Nehru was independent India's first Prime Minister; Lord Mountbatten was its first Governor-General.
49. C. Rajagopalachari was the only Indian to serve as Governor-General of India (1948–1950).
50. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, aided by V.P. Menon, led the integration of over 560 princely states into the Indian Union.
51. Junagadh's accession to India was confirmed by a plebiscite in February 1948.
52. Operation Polo (September 1948) led to Hyderabad's accession/annexation to India.
53. Maharaja Hari Singh signed the Instrument of Accession of Jammu & Kashmir to India on 26 October 1947.
54. The Constitution of India was adopted by the Constituent Assembly on 26 November 1949 (Constitution Day).
55. The Constitution of India came into force on 26 January 1950, making India a Sovereign Democratic Republic.
56. Dr. Rajendra Prasad was President of the Constituent Assembly and independent India's first President.
57. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar chaired the Drafting Committee of the Indian Constitution.
58. 26 January was chosen for the Constitution's enforcement to commemorate the Purna Swaraj Day of 26 January 1930.