Study Guide · Chapter 4
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Comparative Table: Major Miniature Schools
| School | Region | Period | Distinctive Feature | Key Artist/Patron |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mughal | Delhi/Agra (imperial court) | 16th–18th century | Naturalism, Persian-Indian synthesis | Ustad Mansur, Basawan; patrons Akbar, Jahangir |
| Rajput (Mewar) | Udaipur | 16th–19th century | Bold colour, devotional | — |
| Rajput (Kishangarh) | Kishangarh | 18th century | Bani Thani portrait | Nihal Chand; patron Sawant Singh |
| Pahari (Basohli) | J&K hills | 17th–18th century | Bold, intense colour | — |
| Pahari (Kangra) | Himachal Pradesh | 18th–19th century | Lyrical, refined line | Patron Sansar Chand |
| Deccan | Deccan Sultanates (Bijapur, Golconda, Ahmadnagar) | 16th–17th century | Persian-influenced, rich colour, exaggerated forms | — |
Folk and Tribal Painting Traditions
| Style | State/Region | Distinctive Feature |
|---|---|---|
| Madhubani (Mithila) | Bihar | Bold lines, natural dyes, geometric patterns, done traditionally by women on mud walls/floors, now on paper and cloth |
| Warli | Maharashtra | White geometric figures (triangles, circles) on mud-red/brown background, tribal (Warli tribe) |
| Pattachitra | Odisha (and West Bengal, where it's called Patachitra) | Cloth-based scroll painting, mythological themes, associated with Jagannath cult |
| Kalamkari | Andhra Pradesh (Srikalahasti and Machilipatnam styles) | Hand-painted or block-printed cotton textile art, natural dyes, mythological narratives |
| Gond painting | Madhya Pradesh (Gond tribe) | Dot-and-line work, nature/folklore themes, modern icon Jangarh Singh Shyam |
| Phad | Rajasthan (Bhilwara) | Long scroll paintings depicting local deities/folk heroes (Pabuji, Devnarayan), used by itinerant Bhopa singer-storytellers |
| Kalighat painting | West Bengal (Kolkata) | Bold, brush-stroke style, originated near Kalighat temple, 19th century, often satirical of colonial society |
| Thangka | Ladakh/Sikkim/Himalayan Buddhist regions | Buddhist religious scroll paintings on cotton/silk |
| Cheriyal scroll painting | Telangana | Narrative scroll art, vivid colours, depicts folklore/epics |
| Rogan art | Gujarat (Kutch) | Cloth painting using castor-oil-based paint paste, applied with a metal stylus |
Padma Award-Winning Painters (Selected)
| Artist | Style/Field | Honour |
|---|---|---|
| M.F. Husain | Modern/Progressive Artists' Group | Padma Vibhushan |
| S.H. Raza | Modern (Bindu series) | Padma Vibhushan |
| Jamini Roy | Folk-influenced modern | Padma Bhushan |
| Sita Devi | Madhubani | Padma Shri |
| Jangarh Singh Shyam | Gond painting (posthumous recognition/influence) | — |
| Anjolie Ela Menon | Contemporary figurative | Padma Shri |
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