Full-Length Mock Test 3 — RRB JE CBT 2 Technical Abilities Pattern (100 MCQs)
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Section A: Building Materials and Construction (20 Questions)
- Rapid hardening cement gains strength faster than OPC primarily due to:
(a) Higher C3S content and finer grinding (b) Lower cement content (c) Addition of excess water (d) Slower curing - Portland Pozzolana Cement (PPC) is produced by blending OPC clinker with:
(a) Pozzolanic materials such as fly ash (b) Pure gypsum only (c) Pure limestone only (d) Steel slag exclusively with no other material ever - White cement differs from ordinary cement mainly due to:
(a) Low iron oxide content (b) High iron oxide content (c) Absence of lime entirely (d) Use of sea sand exclusively - Which admixture is used to accelerate the setting of concrete?
(a) Calcium chloride (accelerator) (b) Air-entraining agent exclusively (c) Retarder exclusively (d) Pozzolana exclusively - Air-entraining admixtures are added to concrete primarily to improve:
(a) Resistance to freeze-thaw damage (b) Compressive strength beyond all other factors (c) Setting time only (d) Colour only - A "header" in brickwork is a brick laid such that:
(a) Its shorter end (header face) shows on the wall face (b) Its longer face shows on the wall face (c) It is placed vertically standing on end always (d) It is broken into halves always - A "stretcher" in brickwork is a brick laid such that:
(a) Its longer face shows on the wall face (b) Its shorter end shows on the wall face (c) It is always a half-brick (d) It is always a closer brick - Flemish bond in brickwork is characterised by:
(a) Alternate headers and stretchers in the same course (b) Headers only in every course (c) Stretchers only in every course (d) Random uncoursed placement - Plywood is manufactured by:
(a) Gluing thin veneers of wood with grains at right angles to adjacent layers (b) Compressing sawdust with resin only (c) Melting and recasting timber (d) Weaving timber strands with no adhesive - Which of the following is a natural building stone commonly used for flooring and facing?
(a) Granite (b) Portland cement (c) Fly ash (d) Bitumen - The process of "flushing" or "curing" is most closely associated with:
(a) Concrete (b) Steel rolling exclusively (c) Glass manufacturing exclusively (d) Bitumen refining exclusively - Termite-proofing of timber structures is commonly achieved using:
(a) Chemical preservative treatment (b) Painting with a decorative colour only (c) Increasing moisture content deliberately (d) Avoiding seasoning entirely - Gypsum is added during cement manufacture primarily to:
(a) Control/retard the setting time of cement (b) Increase the setting time to instantaneous (c) Reduce compressive strength deliberately (d) Add colour - The specific gravity of ordinary Portland cement is approximately:
(a) 3.15 (b) 1.0 (c) 7.85 (d) 0.5 - Structural steel commonly used in construction is classified by grades based primarily on:
(a) Yield strength and other mechanical properties (b) Colour only (c) Country of manufacture only (d) Price only - Mild steel, compared to high carbon steel, generally has:
(a) Lower carbon content and greater ductility (b) Higher carbon content and lower ductility (c) No carbon content at all (d) Identical properties in every respect - A "sill" in a building refers to:
(a) The bottom horizontal member of a window/door opening (b) The topmost member of a roof (c) A type of foundation exclusively (d) A vertical structural column - Weathering course on a roof is provided primarily to:
(a) Provide slope and protect against water penetration (b) Increase the roof's self-weight only (c) Decorate the ceiling below (d) Replace the need for any roofing material - A "coping" on a parapet wall is provided to:
(a) Protect the top of the wall from water penetration (b) Support the main structural load of the building (c) Serve only a decorative role indoors (d) Replace the need for a parapet entirely - Fly ash, a by-product of thermal power plants, is commonly used in construction as:
(a) A pozzolanic replacement material in cement/concrete (b) A structural steel substitute (c) A timber preservative (d) A waterproofing membrane exclusively
Section B: Surveying (20 Questions)
- The magnetic declination at a place is the angle between:
(a) True north and magnetic north (b) Two survey stations (c) The horizontal and vertical planes (d) Two chain lines - A "back bearing" of a line is obtained from the fore bearing by:
(a) Adding or subtracting 180 degrees (b) Adding 360 degrees always (c) Multiplying by two (d) Subtracting 90 degrees always - The "Whole Circle Bearing" (WCB) system measures bearings from:
(a) 0 to 360 degrees measured clockwise from north (b) 0 to 90 degrees only (c) 0 to 180 degrees only (d) A random reference direction with no fixed start - In the Quadrantal Bearing system, bearings are measured with reference to:
(a) The nearest north or south line, towards east or west (b) Only true north, 0-360 degrees (c) Only magnetic south (d) An arbitrary local benchmark - A "closing error" in a compass/chain traverse arises due to:
(a) Accumulated errors in measurement returning to the starting point (b) A deliberate design feature (c) The use of a theodolite instead of a compass (d) Only local attraction, never any other cause - The Bowditch rule is used to:
(a) Adjust/balance closing errors in a traverse proportionally to line lengths (b) Compute cement setting time (c) Determine soil bearing capacity (d) Compute concrete slump - A "level line" is everywhere perpendicular to the direction of gravity, whereas a "horizontal line" (distinct from it) is best described as:
(a) A straight line tangential to the level line at a point (b) Identical to a level line over any distance (c) Always vertical (d) Always curved - A dumpy level's telescope bubble tube axis should be:
(a) Parallel to the line of collimation (b) Perpendicular to the line of collimation (c) Always vertical, never horizontal (d) Unrelated to the line of collimation - Reciprocal levelling is used to eliminate errors due to:
(a) Curvature, refraction, and imperfect instrument adjustment, over an obstacle like a river (b) Local attraction exclusively (c) Only chain sag (d) Only wind - The "stepping" method in chain surveying is used on:
(a) Sloping ground, to measure horizontal distance in short level steps (b) Perfectly flat ground exclusively (c) Underwater surveys exclusively (d) Only for angular measurement - Which surveying instrument is primarily used to set out right angles in the field?
(a) Cross staff or optical square (b) Vicat apparatus (c) Slump cone (d) Sieve set - In tacheometry, the "stadia constant" is generally used along with the:
(a) Staff intercept to compute distance (b) Concrete slump value (c) Soil plasticity index (d) Cement fineness value - A theodolite's "swinging" the telescope refers to:
(a) Rotating it about the vertical axis (b) Rotating it about the horizontal axis only (c) Removing it from the tripod (d) Adjusting only the focusing screw - Trigonometric levelling is used primarily to determine elevation differences using:
(a) Vertical angles and known/measured horizontal distances (b) Only a spirit level with no angle measurement (c) Only barometric pressure (d) Only GPS with no angle measurement at all - Which of the following defines the "grid" reference system commonly used on topographic maps?
(a) A network of uniformly spaced coordinate lines for locating points (b) A network of contour lines exclusively (c) A network of property boundaries exclusively (d) A network of underground utilities exclusively - A "traverse station" is a point where:
(a) A change in direction of the traverse line occurs and angles/distances are measured (b) No measurement is ever taken (c) Only levelling work is performed (d) The compass needle is deliberately demagnetised - An "auxiliary/subsidiary contour" on a topographic map is drawn using:
(a) A dashed line at half the normal contour interval, in relatively flat areas (b) A solid thick line at double the interval (c) A colour-coded line with no numeric interval (d) Only in mountainous terrain exclusively - Photogrammetric "parallax" refers to:
(a) The apparent displacement of an object's image position between two overlapping photographs (b) A defect in camera lens manufacturing only (c) A property exclusive to GPS receivers (d) A type of levelling error - The primary advantage of total stations over conventional theodolite-and-tape surveying is:
(a) Combined, faster, and more accurate angle/distance measurement with digital recording (b) Complete elimination of the need for any field survey (c) No angle measurement capability, distance only (d) No distance measurement capability, angle only - A "benchmark" established by a national survey authority (e.g., a Great Trigonometrical Survey-derived benchmark in India) provides:
(a) A reliable reference elevation for regional levelling work (b) Only a decorative boundary marker (c) A property ownership record (d) A magnetic declination value only
Section C: Concrete Technology, RCC, and Theory of Structures (20 Questions)
- The nominal mix M20 concrete implies a cement:sand:aggregate ratio of approximately:
(a) 1:1.5:3 (b) 1:5:10 (c) 1:0:0 (d) 3:1:1.5 - Design mix concrete, as opposed to nominal mix, is characterised by:
(a) Proportions derived through calculation/trial to meet specified strength and workability (b) Fixed proportions with no calculation at all (c) Only volumetric batching with no design basis whatsoever (d) The complete absence of any aggregate - The "grade" of concrete (e.g., M20, M25) denotes:
(a) The characteristic compressive strength in N/mm² at 28 days (b) The unit weight of concrete only (c) The setting time only (d) The colour of concrete - Which curing method involves covering concrete with wet hessian cloth or gunny bags?
(a) Wet/moist curing (b) Steam curing exclusively (c) Membrane curing exclusively (d) No curing method at all - Steam curing of concrete is primarily used to:
(a) Accelerate strength gain, useful in precast concrete production (b) Slow down strength gain deliberately (c) Eliminate the need for cement entirely (d) Replace aggregate with steam - Development length of reinforcement bars refers to:
(a) The embedment length needed to transfer bar force safely to surrounding concrete via bond (b) The total length of the beam (c) The diameter of the bar (d) The spacing between stirrups - Stirrups in a reinforced concrete beam are primarily provided to resist:
(a) Shear force and to hold main bars in position (b) Bending moment exclusively (c) Axial compression exclusively (d) Torsional moment exclusively with no shear role - The minimum clear cover to reinforcement is primarily provided to:
(a) Protect steel from corrosion and provide fire resistance (b) Increase the self-weight of the member (c) Reduce the bond between steel and concrete deliberately (d) Eliminate the need for stirrups - A "balanced section" in RCC design (Working Stress Method) is one where:
(a) Concrete and steel reach their permissible stresses simultaneously (b) Only concrete reaches its permissible stress (c) Only steel reaches its permissible stress (d) Neither material is stressed at all - An "under-reinforced" section is generally preferred in design because it:
(a) Provides ductile failure with visible warning (ie steel yields before concrete crushes) (b) Fails suddenly and brittly with no warning (c) Requires no reinforcement at all (d) Is always more economical regardless of any other consideration - Torsion in a structural member induces primarily:
(a) Shear stresses (b) Only axial tensile stress (c) Only axial compressive stress (d) No stress at all - A "simply supported" beam has supports that resist:
(a) Vertical reaction only, with no moment resistance (typically one pin and one roller) (b) Both vertical/horizontal reaction and full moment resistance (c) No reactions at all (d) Torsional reaction exclusively - A "fixed" beam support resists:
(a) Vertical and horizontal reactions plus a moment (b) Only vertical reaction with no moment (c) No reactions at all (d) Only a moment with no vertical reaction - In a truss, members are typically assumed to carry:
(a) Only axial force (tension or compression), with pin-jointed connections (b) Only bending moment (c) Only shear force (d) Only torsional moment - The "method of joints" for truss analysis involves:
(a) Applying equilibrium equations at each joint (b) Cutting the truss into two parts and considering one part's overall equilibrium (c) Ignoring equilibrium altogether (d) Measuring stress directly at each joint with sensors - The "method of sections" for truss analysis involves:
(a) Cutting through selected members and applying equilibrium to one resulting part (b) Considering only a single joint's equilibrium (c) Physically demolishing part of the truss (d) Measuring member length only - Slenderness ratio of a column is defined as the ratio of:
(a) Effective length to the least radius of gyration (b) Cross-sectional area to length (c) Load to area (d) Height to width of the footing - A column is generally classified as "short" when its slenderness ratio is:
(a) Below a specified limiting value (commonly around 12, per IS code provisions) (b) Above 1000 always (c) Exactly zero (d) Negative - Buckling failure of a slender column is primarily governed by:
(a) Euler's critical load formula, dependent on slenderness (b) Only the material's compressive strength with no dependence on slenderness (c) Only the column's colour (d) Only the ambient humidity - The moment of inertia of a rectangular section (breadth b, depth d) about its centroidal axis is:
(a) bd³/12 (b) bd/12 (c) b³d/12 (d) bd²/6
Section D: Geotechnical, Hydraulics, and Environmental Engineering (20 Questions)
- The shrinkage limit of a soil is the moisture content below which:
(a) Further loss of moisture does not cause further volume change (b) The soil becomes fully saturated (c) The soil behaves as a liquid (d) The soil's plasticity index becomes infinite - The liquid limit of a soil is commonly determined using:
(a) Casagrande's apparatus (b) Vicat apparatus (c) Le Chatelier apparatus (d) Blaine's air permeability apparatus - Soil classified as "CL" under the Unified Soil Classification System refers to:
(a) Inorganic clay of low plasticity (b) Well-graded gravel (c) Poorly graded sand (d) Organic silt of high plasticity - A "footing" is a type of foundation that:
(a) Transfers column/wall loads to the soil at a shallow depth (b) Always extends to bedrock regardless of depth (c) Is used only for underwater structures (d) Never bears any structural load - A "pile foundation" is generally used when:
(a) The soil near the surface has inadequate bearing capacity, requiring transfer of load to deeper strata (b) The soil is extremely strong at the surface with no need for depth (c) No structural load exists at all (d) Only for temporary structures with no permanent use - Bearing capacity of soil refers to:
(a) The maximum pressure the soil can safely support without failure or excessive settlement (b) The permeability of soil (c) The plasticity index of soil (d) The moisture content of soil at saturation - Terzaghi's bearing capacity theory accounts for factors related to:
(a) Cohesion, surcharge, and unit weight of soil (b) Only the colour of soil (c) Only the temperature of soil (d) Only the magnetic properties of soil - Differential settlement between adjacent foundations is a concern primarily because it can cause:
(a) Structural distress/cracking in the superstructure (b) An increase in soil bearing capacity (c) A decrease in construction cost only (d) No practical concern at all - A raft (mat) foundation is generally used when:
(a) Loads are heavy/soil capacity is low, requiring a single large slab foundation (b) Only for very light garden structures (c) Only underwater (d) Only for temporary scaffolding - The coefficient of permeability of soil is highest, in general, for:
(a) Coarse-grained soils like gravel and sand (b) Fine-grained clay (c) Perfectly impermeable rock (d) Compacted concrete - In open channel flow, "critical flow" occurs when the Froude number equals:
(a) 1 (b) 0 (c) 10 (d) Infinity - Flow with a Froude number less than 1 is termed:
(a) Subcritical flow (b) Supercritical flow (c) Critical flow exactly (d) Turbulent flow exclusively, unrelated to Froude number - A hydraulic jump occurs during a transition from:
(a) Supercritical to subcritical flow (b) Subcritical to supercritical flow only (c) Laminar to turbulent flow exclusively with no bearing on Froude number (d) Steady to unsteady flow with no other characteristic - The purpose of a canal fall (drop structure) in irrigation engineering is to:
(a) Safely dissipate energy where the canal bed slope changes/drops (b) Increase the canal's silting rate deliberately (c) Store irrigation water permanently (d) Replace the need for any canal lining - Canal lining is provided primarily to:
(a) Reduce seepage losses and control weed growth (b) Increase seepage losses deliberately (c) Increase the canal's cross-sectional roughness deliberately (d) Eliminate the need for any water source - Water hardness is primarily caused by dissolved:
(a) Calcium and magnesium salts (b) Dissolved oxygen (c) Suspended sediment only (d) Chlorine only - The most common source of water supply for large urban areas is generally:
(a) Surface water sources such as rivers and reservoirs (b) Only rainwater collected in buckets (c) Only desalinated seawater everywhere (d) Only imported bottled water - Which unit process in water treatment typically follows coagulation and flocculation?
(a) Sedimentation (b) Only chlorination with nothing in between (c) Only aeration with nothing in between (d) Only screening with nothing in between - Activated sludge process is a method of:
(a) Biological wastewater treatment using aerobic microorganisms (b) Chemical disinfection of drinking water exclusively (c) Concrete curing (d) Soil stabilisation exclusively - The primary objective of solid waste management engineering is:
(a) Safe collection, treatment, and disposal of solid waste to protect public health/environment (b) Maximising the volume of untreated waste (c) Eliminating all forms of recycling (d) Ignoring environmental impact entirely
Section E: General Awareness, Computer Applications, and Current Affairs (20 Questions)
- The apex regulatory body for the Indian securities market is:
(a) Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) (b) Reserve Bank of India exclusively (c) Bureau of Indian Standards (d) Election Commission of India - Which body conducts the RRB JE recruitment examination process on behalf of Indian Railways?
(a) Railway Recruitment Boards (RRBs), coordinated under the Railway Recruitment Control Board (b) Union Public Service Commission exclusively (c) Staff Selection Commission exclusively (d) State Public Service Commissions exclusively - A computer network confined to a small area such as an office building is called a:
(a) LAN (Local Area Network) (b) WAN exclusively (c) MAN exclusively (d) PAN exclusively with no other classification existing - WAN stands for:
(a) Wide Area Network (b) World Access Network (c) Wireless Area Node (d) Web Analysis Network - A computer virus is best described as:
(a) A malicious program that can replicate and disrupt computer operation (b) A beneficial hardware upgrade (c) A type of printer (d) A type of network cable - Which of these is an example of an output device?
(a) Monitor (b) Keyboard (c) Mouse (d) Scanner - In MS Word, the shortcut key commonly used to save a document is:
(a) Ctrl+S (b) Ctrl+P (c) Ctrl+C (d) Ctrl+V - The full form of "URL" in the context of internet browsing is:
(a) Uniform Resource Locator (b) Universal Reading Language (c) United Router Link (d) Unified Retrieval Log - Which government scheme focuses on providing piped drinking water to every rural household in India?
(a) Jal Jeevan Mission (b) Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (c) Swachh Bharat Mission exclusively focused on sanitation only (d) Digital India exclusively - The National Green Tribunal (NGT) primarily deals with:
(a) Cases relating to environmental protection and conservation (b) Criminal cases unrelated to environment (c) Only railway disputes (d) Only banking disputes - Which of the following is an autonomous body responsible for coordinating road transport standards/policies in India, alongside the concerned ministry?
(a) Indian Roads Congress (IRC) (b) Reserve Bank of India (c) Election Commission (d) Securities and Exchange Board of India - The Central Public Works Department (CPWD) is primarily responsible for:
(a) Construction and maintenance of central government buildings/infrastructure (b) Railway signal maintenance exclusively (c) Currency printing (d) Passport issuance - India's National Building Code (NBC) primarily serves as a guide for:
(a) Building construction practices, safety, and services across India (b) Currency exchange regulation (c) Election conduct rules (d) Judicial procedure - Which of the following best describes "Digital India," a Government of India initiative?
(a) A programme to transform India into a digitally empowered society and knowledge economy (b) A programme focused solely on railway electrification (c) A programme focused solely on road construction (d) A programme with no technology component at all - Which organisation regulates civil aviation infrastructure and airport construction standards in India?
(a) Airports Authority of India / Directorate General of Civil Aviation (b) Reserve Bank of India (c) Election Commission (d) Bureau of Indian Standards exclusively with no aviation-specific body - A "hyperlink" in a web page or document is used to:
(a) Navigate to another location/document when clicked (b) Print the document automatically (c) Delete file content (d) Compress an image file - In computing, "cloud storage" refers to:
(a) Storing data on remote servers accessed via the internet (b) Storing data only on a local floppy disk (c) A method of concrete curing (d) A type of network cable exclusively - The primary function of an antivirus program is to:
(a) Detect and remove malicious software (b) Speed up internet browsing only (c) Print documents (d) Manage electricity billing - Which agency in India is primarily responsible for weather forecasting relevant to construction planning and disaster preparedness?
(a) India Meteorological Department (IMD) (b) Election Commission of India (c) Reserve Bank of India (d) Bureau of Indian Standards - Infrastructure development in India, including roads, railways, and urban housing, is broadly tracked under which overarching planning framework?
(a) National Infrastructure Pipeline (NIP) and related government infrastructure programmes (b) Only state-level annual budgets with no national framework (c) No formal framework exists (d) Only private-sector unregulated planning
Answer Key with Explanations
1.(a) Rapid hardening cement has higher C3S content and finer grinding.
2.(a) PPC blends OPC clinker with pozzolanic materials like fly ash.
3.(a) White cement has low iron oxide content.
4.(a) Calcium chloride is a common accelerator admixture.
5.(a) Air-entraining agents improve freeze-thaw resistance.
6.(a) A header shows its shorter face on the wall.
7.(a) A stretcher shows its longer face on the wall.
8.(a) Flemish bond alternates headers/stretchers within the same course.
9.(a) Plywood is glued veneers with cross-grain layering.
10.(a) Granite is a natural stone used for flooring/facing.
11.(a) Curing is associated with concrete.
12.(a) Chemical preservative treatment prevents termite damage in timber.
13.(a) Gypsum controls/retards cement setting time.
14.(a) OPC's specific gravity is about 3.15.
15.(a) Steel grades are classified by yield strength and mechanical properties.
16.(a) Mild steel has lower carbon and greater ductility than high-carbon steel.
17.(a) A sill is the bottom horizontal member of an opening.
18.(a) Weathering courses provide slope/protection against water penetration.
19.(a) Coping protects the top of a parapet wall.
20.(a) Fly ash is used as a pozzolanic replacement material.
21.(a) Magnetic declination is the angle between true and magnetic north.
22.(a) Back bearing is obtained by ±180 degrees from fore bearing.
23.(a) WCB measures 0-360 degrees clockwise from north.
24.(a) Quadrantal bearings reference the nearest north/south line toward east/west.
25.(a) Closing error arises from accumulated measurement errors.
26.(a) Bowditch rule balances closing error proportional to line length.
27.(a) A level line is everywhere perpendicular to gravity. A horizontal line is tangential to it at a point.
28.(a) The bubble tube axis should be parallel to the line of collimation.
29.(a) Reciprocal levelling eliminates curvature/refraction/adjustment errors over obstacles.
30.(a) Stepping measures horizontal distance on sloping ground in level steps.
31.(a) A cross staff/optical square sets out right angles.
32.(a) Stadia constant with staff intercept computes tacheometric distance.
33.(a) Swinging rotates the telescope about the vertical axis.
34.(a) Trigonometric levelling uses vertical angles and horizontal distances.
35.(a) A grid is a network of coordinate lines for locating points.
36.(a) A traverse station is where direction changes and measurements are taken.
37.(a) Auxiliary contours are dashed lines at half interval in flat areas.
38.(a) Parallax is apparent image displacement between overlapping photographs.
39.(a) Total stations combine faster, accurate angle/distance measurement digitally.
40.(a) National survey benchmarks provide reliable regional reference elevations.
41.(a) M20 nominal mix is about 1:1.5:3.
42.(a) Design mix proportions are calculated/trial-based for specified performance.
43.(a) Concrete grade denotes 28-day characteristic compressive strength.
44.(a) Wet hessian/gunny bag covering is wet/moist curing.
45.(a) Steam curing accelerates strength gain, useful in precast production.
46.(a) Development length is the embedment length for safe bond force transfer.
47.(a) Stirrups resist shear and hold main bars in position.
48.(a) Clear cover protects steel from corrosion and aids fire resistance.
49.(a) A balanced section reaches both materials' permissible stresses together.
50.(a) Under-reinforced sections fail ductilely with warning.
51.(a) Torsion primarily induces shear stresses.
52.(a) Simply supported beams resist vertical reaction with no moment.
53.(a) Fixed supports resist vertical/horizontal reactions plus moment.
54.(a) Truss members carry only axial force with pinned joints assumed.
55.(a) The method of joints applies equilibrium at each joint.
56.(a) The method of sections cuts through members and considers one part's equilibrium.
57.(a) Slenderness ratio is effective length over least radius of gyration.
58.(a) Short columns have slenderness ratio below a limiting value (~12 per IS).
59.(a) Euler's formula governs buckling of slender columns.
60.(a) Rectangular section moment of inertia about centroid is bd³/12.
61.(a) Below the shrinkage limit, further moisture loss causes no further volume change.
62.(a) Casagrande's apparatus determines liquid limit.
63.(a) CL denotes inorganic clay of low plasticity.
64.(a) A footing transfers loads to soil at shallow depth.
65.(a) Pile foundations transfer load to deeper strata when surface soil is weak.
66.(a) Bearing capacity is the max safe soil pressure without failure/excess settlement.
67.(a) Terzaghi's theory accounts for cohesion, surcharge, and unit weight.
68.(a) Differential settlement can cause structural distress/cracking.
69.(a) Raft foundations suit heavy loads/low soil capacity via a single large slab.
70.(a) Coarse-grained soils have the highest permeability.
71.(a) Critical flow occurs at Froude number 1.
72.(a) Froude number less than 1 is subcritical flow.
73.(a) A hydraulic jump transitions supercritical to subcritical flow.
74.(a) Canal falls safely dissipate energy at bed-slope drops.
75.(a) Canal lining reduces seepage losses and weed growth.
76.(a) Water hardness is caused by dissolved calcium/magnesium salts.
77.(a) Large urban areas typically use surface water sources.
78.(a) Sedimentation typically follows coagulation/flocculation.
79.(a) Activated sludge is a biological aerobic wastewater treatment method.
80.(a) Solid waste management ensures safe collection/treatment/disposal.
81.(a) SEBI regulates the Indian securities market.
82.(a) RRBs, coordinated under the RRCB, conduct RRB JE recruitment.
83.(a) A LAN is a small-area network like an office.
84.(a) WAN stands for Wide Area Network.
85.(a) A computer virus is a malicious, self-replicating program.
86.(a) A monitor is an output device.
87.(a) Ctrl+S is the common save shortcut in MS Word.
88.(a) URL stands for Uniform Resource Locator.
89.(a) Jal Jeevan Mission targets piped water for rural households.
90.(a) NGT deals with environmental protection/conservation cases.
91.(a) The Indian Roads Congress coordinates road standards/policy.
92.(a) CPWD handles central government building construction/maintenance.
93.(a) The NBC guides building construction practices/safety/services.
94.(a) Digital India aims at a digitally empowered society/knowledge economy.
95.(a) AAI/DGCA regulate civil aviation infrastructure and standards.
96.(a) A hyperlink navigates to another location when clicked.
97.(a) Cloud storage stores data on remote internet-accessed servers.
98.(a) Antivirus software detects/removes malicious software.
99.(a) IMD handles weather forecasting relevant to construction/disaster planning.
100.(a) Infrastructure development is broadly tracked under frameworks like the NIP.