Part II — General Intelligence & Reasoning

Chapter 2: Reasoning Fundamentals

2.1 Analogies and Classification

Analogy questions test the ability to identify a relationship between a pair of items and apply the same relationship to a new pair (e.g., "Bird is to Nest as Bee is to Hive"). Classification (odd-one-out) questions require identifying which item in a group does not share a common property with the others.

2.2 Series Completion

Number series and letter series require identifying the underlying pattern (arithmetic, geometric, or a mixed rule) governing a sequence to determine the next term or a missing term.

2.3 Coding-Decoding

Coding-decoding questions establish a pattern (letter shifting, substitution, or a numeric code) from a given example, which must then be applied consistently to a new word or phrase.

2.4 Blood Relations and Direction Sense

Blood relation puzzles require tracing family relationships through a chain of statements, typically by diagramming a family tree. Direction sense problems track movement in various directions (starting from a reference direction, typically north) to determine final position or direction relative to the starting point.

2.5 Non-Verbal Reasoning

Non-verbal reasoning includes questions on mirror images, water images, paper folding/cutting, and figure series/completion — testing spatial and visual-pattern recognition rather than verbal/numeric reasoning.

2.6 Practice Set — Reasoning (16 MCQs)

1. In the analogy "Bird is to Nest as Bee is to ___," the missing word is:
   (a) Honey (b) Hive (c) Flower (d) Sting
2. Choose the odd one out: Apple, Banana, Carrot, Mango
   (a) Apple (b) Banana (c) Carrot (d) Mango
3. In the series 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, ?, what is the next term?
   (a) 72 (b) 84 (c) 96 (d) 108
4. In the letter series B, D, G, K, P, ?, what is the next letter (gaps increasing by 1: +2,+3,+4,+5,+6)?
   (a) U (b) V (c) T (d) W
5. If in a code, DOG is written as EPH (each letter shifted forward by 1), how is CAT written?
   (a) DBU (b) DBV (c) EBU (d) DCU
6. If A is B's father and B is C's mother, then A is C's:
   (a) Uncle (b) Grandfather (c) Brother (d) Cousin
7. A man walks 4 km east, then turns right and walks 3 km. How far is he from his starting point?
   (a) 3 km (b) 4 km (c) 5 km (d) 7 km
8. A mirror image of the letter "b" would appear as:
   (a) d (b) p (c) q (d) b
9. In a paper-folding question, a sheet folded in half twice and then cut with one hole, when unfolded, will show:
   (a) One hole (b) Two holes (c) Four holes (d) No holes
10. Choose the odd one out: Circle, Square, Triangle, Sphere
    (a) Circle (b) Square (c) Triangle (d) Sphere
11. In the series 100, 90, 81, 73, ?, what is the next term (differences decreasing by 1: -10,-9,-8,-7)?
    (a) 64 (b) 66 (c) 68 (d) 70
12. Water image of the letter "M" would appear as:
    (a) M rotated 180° vertically (upside down) (b) M unchanged (c) W (d) N
13. Pointing to a photograph, a woman says, "He is the son of my mother's only daughter." How is the man related to the woman?
    (a) Brother (b) Son (c) Nephew (d) Father
14. In the analogy "Doctor is to Hospital as Teacher is to ___," the missing word is:
    (a) Student (b) School (c) Book (d) Chalk
15. Non-verbal reasoning primarily tests:
    (a) Verbal vocabulary (b) Spatial and visual-pattern recognition (c) Numerical calculation only (d) Grammar rules
16. In the series 5, 10, 20, 40, ?, what is the next term?
    (a) 60 (b) 70 (c) 80 (d) 90

Answer Key

1.(b)

2.(c)

3.(c)

4.(b)

5.(a)

6.(b)

7.(c)

8.(a)

9.(c)

10.(d)

11.(b)

12.(a)

13.(b)

14.(b)

15.(b) 16.(c)