Part 2 — Marathas to Post-Independence India
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Rise of Regional Powers and Maratha Era
| Event | Date |
|---|---|
| Shivaji's coronation (Chhatrapati) at Raigad | 1674 |
| Death of Shivaji | 1680 |
| Peshwa era begins (Balaji Vishwanath as first Peshwa) | 1713 |
| Third Battle of Panipat | 1761 |
| Third Anglo-Maratha War ends (fall of Peshwa) | 1818 |
European Arrival and Colonial Consolidation Timeline
| Event | Date |
|---|---|
| Vasco da Gama lands at Calicut | 1498 |
| Portuguese capture Goa | 1510 |
| Dutch East India Company established (in India) | 1602 (VOC founded); Indian operations from early 17th century |
| British East India Company chartered | 1600 |
| French East India Company established | 1664 |
| Battle of Plassey | 1757 |
| Battle of Buxar | 1764 |
| Treaty of Allahabad (Diwani rights) | 1765 |
| Regulating Act | 1773 |
| Pitt's India Act | 1784 |
| Fourth Anglo-Mysore War (death of Tipu Sultan) | 1799 |
| Third Anglo-Maratha War ends | 1818 |
| Charter Act (East India Company loses trade monopoly) | 1813 (commercial monopoly ended); 1833 Charter Act ends China trade monopoly and merges administration |
| Second Anglo-Sikh War, annexation of Punjab | 1849 |
| Doctrine of Lapse policy (Lord Dalhousie) | 1848–1856 |
| Revolt of 1857 | 1857 |
| Government of India Act (Crown takes over from Company) | 1858 |
Post-Independence Timeline (Selected Landmark Dates)
| Event | Date |
|---|---|
| Integration of princely states begins (Sardar Patel) | 1947–1949 |
| Constitution of India adopted | 26 November 1949 |
| Constitution of India comes into effect (Republic Day) | 26 January 1950 |
| First General Elections | 1951–52 |
| States Reorganisation Act (linguistic states) | 1956 |
| Sino-Indian War | 1962 |
| Indo-Pakistani War (Tashkent Agreement) | 1965 |
| Green Revolution begins | Late 1960s |
| Bank Nationalisation | 1969 |
| Bangladesh Liberation War / Indo-Pak War (Simla Agreement) | 1971 |
| Pokhran-I Nuclear Test (Smiling Buddha) | 1974 |
| National Emergency | 1975–1977 |
| Operation Blue Star | 1984 |
| Assassination of Indira Gandhi | 31 October 1984 |
| Bhopal Gas Tragedy | December 1984 |
| Economic Liberalisation (LPG Reforms) | 1991 |
| Pokhran-II Nuclear Tests | 1998 |
| Kargil War | 1999 |
| Right to Information Act | 2005 |
| Goods and Services Tax (GST) implemented | 1 July 2017 |
| Abrogation of Article 370 | 5 August 2019 |
Cross-Reference: Timeline Meets Battles, Architecture, and Revolutionary Movements
This section deliberately links dates across notes for integrated revision: the First Battle of Panipat (1526) founds the Mughal Empire whose architectural apex is the Taj Mahal (completed 1653); the Battle of Plassey (1757) and Buxar (1764) open the colonial period that eventually provokes the revolutionary movements detailed separately (Anushilan Samiti 1902 onward); and the Third Battle of Panipat (1761) weakens Maratha power just as British influence begins its decisive expansion, a sequence frequently tested as an integrated "cause and effect chain" question.
Timeline of Key Committees and Commissions (Colonial Era)
| Commission/Committee | Year | Purpose |
|---|---|---|
| Hunter Commission | 1882 | Education policy review |
| Simon Commission | 1927 (arrived India 1928) | Constitutional reform review (all-British composition, hence boycotted) |
| Sapru Committee | 1945 | Communal/constitutional issues |
| Cabinet Mission | 1946 | Framework for transfer of power |
Decade-wise Snapshot for Rapid Revision
1900s: Partition of Bengal (1905), Swadeshi Movement, Muslim League founded (1906), Surat Split in Congress (1907) between Moderates and Extremists. 1910s: Bengal Partition annulled and capital shifted to Delhi (1911), Ghadar Party founded (1913), Champaran and Kheda Satyagrahas (1917–18), Rowlatt Act and Jallianwala Bagh (1919). 1920s: Non-Cooperation Movement (1920–22), Kakori Conspiracy (1925), Simon Commission boycott (1928), Purna Swaraj resolution (1929). 1930s: Dandi March and Civil Disobedience (1930), Round Table Conferences (1930–32), Poona Pact (1932), Government of India Act (1935), provincial elections (1937). 1940s: August Offer (1940), Cripps Mission (1942), Quit India Movement (1942), Azad Hind Government (1943), Bengal Famine (1943), INA Trials (1945), RIN Mutiny (1946), Independence and Partition (1947).