Study Guide · Chapter 2
Indus Valley (Harappan) Architecture (c. 2600–1900 BCE)
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- Highly planned grid-pattern cities with a citadel (elevated, western) and lower town (residential, eastern); baked-brick construction in a standard 4:2:1 ratio.
- The Great Bath at Mohenjodaro is the earliest known public water tank, built watertight with gypsum mortar and bitumen lining.
- Sophisticated covered drainage systems running beneath streets, connected to individual houses.
- Dholavira (Gujarat) is notable for a unique three-part city division and advanced water-conservation/reservoir engineering; Lothal (Gujarat) for its dockyard.
- No large temples or palaces have been conclusively identified, distinguishing Harappan urbanism from contemporary Mesopotamian/Egyptian civilizations.
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