Practice MCQs — Freedom Movement (with Answers)

1. Who founded the Indian National Congress? Answer: Allan Octavian Hume (1885).

2. Who was Gandhi's political mentor? Answer: Gopal Krishna Gokhale.

3. Who founded the Servants of India Society? Answer: Gopal Krishna Gokhale (1905).

4. What triggered the Swadeshi Movement? Answer: The Partition of Bengal (1905).

5. Who popularised the slogan "Swaraj is my birthright, and I shall have it"? Answer: Bal Gangadhar Tilak.

6. Where and when was the Muslim League founded? Answer: Dhaka, 1906.

7. What was the outcome of the 1907 Congress session? Answer: The Surat Split, between Moderates and Extremists.

8. Who led the Home Rule Movement along with Annie Besant? Answer: Bal Gangadhar Tilak.

9. What did the Lucknow Pact (1916) achieve? Answer: An agreement between the Congress and Muslim League, reuniting Congress factions.

10. Where was Gandhi's first Satyagraha in India? Answer: Champaran, Bihar (1917).

11. What was the immediate cause of the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre's context? Answer: Protest against the Rowlatt Act (1919).

12. Who assassinated Michael O'Dwyer in 1940? Answer: Udham Singh.

13. What incident led to the withdrawal of the Non-Cooperation Movement? Answer: The Chauri Chaura incident (1922).

14. Who founded the Swaraj Party? Answer: C.R. Das and Motilal Nehru (1923).

15. What was the Kakori Conspiracy? Answer: A 1925 train robbery by revolutionaries to fund anti-British activities.

16. Why was the Simon Commission boycotted? Answer: It had no Indian members.

17. Who drafted the Nehru Report? Answer: A committee headed by Motilal Nehru (1928).

18. Which session declared Purna Swaraj as the Congress goal? Answer: The Lahore Session (1929), under Jawaharlal Nehru's presidency.

19. What event began the Civil Disobedience Movement? Answer: The Dandi March / Salt Satyagraha (1930).

20. Who signed the pact suspending Civil Disobedience in 1931? Answer: Gandhi and Lord Irwin (Gandhi-Irwin Pact).

21. What did the Poona Pact (1932) achieve? Answer: Replaced separate electorates for depressed classes with reserved seats in joint electorates.

22. Who was the first individual satyagrahi in the 1940-41 movement? Answer: Vinoba Bhave.

23. How did Gandhi describe the Cripps Mission offer? Answer: "A post-dated cheque on a crashing bank."

24. What was the call given at the launch of the Quit India Movement? Answer: "Do or Die."

25. Who hoisted the Congress flag at Gowalia Tank Maidan during Quit India? Answer: Aruna Asaf Ali.

26. Who led the Rani of Jhansi Regiment of the INA? Answer: Captain Lakshmi Sahgal.

27. What was the outcome/significance of the INA (Red Fort) Trials? Answer: They provoked mass public sympathy across communal lines, hastening British withdrawal.

28. What triggered the "Great Calcutta Killings" of 1946? Answer: Direct Action Day, called by the Muslim League (16 August 1946).

29. Who headed the Interim Government formed in 1946? Answer: Jawaharlal Nehru (as Vice President of the Executive Council).

30. Who is known as the "Frontier Gandhi"? Answer: Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan.

(End of Freedom Movement notes. Cross-reference with Congress Sessions, Revolutionary Movements, Acts and Reforms, and Governor-Generals & Viceroys files.)