Swaraj Party (1923): Founded by C.R. Das and Motilal Nehru as the "pro-changer" faction, in contrast to Gandhian "no-changers," advocating entry into legislative councils to obstruct government business from within rather than pure boycott.
Kakori Conspiracy (1925): A famous train robbery near Kakori (UP) by revolutionaries including Ram Prasad Bismil, Ashfaqulla Khan, and Roshan Singh to fund revolutionary activities against British rule; several were later executed (see Revolutionary Movements notes for full detail).
Simon Commission (1928): An all-British statutory commission constituted to review constitutional progress under the 1919 Act; boycotted across India with black-flag protests and "Simon Go Back" slogans precisely because it had no Indian members; Lala Lajpat Rai died from injuries sustained protesting its visit to Lahore, prompting the assassination of police officer Saunders by Bhagat Singh and associates in retaliation.
Nehru Report (1928): An all-parties committee headed by Motilal Nehru drafted a proposed constitution for India based on Dominion Status — the first significant instance of Indians themselves drafting a constitutional blueprint; ultimately rejected by both Congress radicals (who wanted full independence, not Dominion Status) and the Muslim League under Jinnah (who put forward his "Fourteen Points" in response, demanding stronger safeguards for Muslims).
Purna Swaraj Resolution (Lahore Session, December 1929): Under the presidency of Jawaharlal Nehru, the Congress formally adopted complete independence ("Purna Swaraj") as its goal, rejecting Dominion Status; 26 January 1930 was observed nationwide as the first "Independence Day" (Purna Swaraj Day), with the Congress flag hoisted and a pledge of independence read out — this date was later chosen (retrospectively symbolic) for the Constitution of India to come into force in 1950.