Study Guide · Chapter 14
Acts, Missions & Pacts — Reference Table
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| Name | Year | In one line |
|---|---|---|
| Regulation XVII (Sati Abolition) | 1829 | Bentinck, prompted by Ram Mohan Roy's campaign |
| Hindu Widows' Remarriage Act | 1856 | Result of Vidyasagar's reform campaign |
| Government of India Act | 1858 | Crown replaces the East India Company after 1857 |
| Indian Councils Act | 1861, 1892, 1909 | Gradual, limited expansion of legislative councils |
| Vernacular Press Act | 1878 | Gagged Indian-language press; repealed 1882 |
| Morley-Minto Reforms | 1909 | Introduced separate electorates for Muslims |
| Lucknow Pact | 1916 | Congress-League unity on joint reform demands, incl. separate electorates |
| Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms (GoI Act) | 1919 | Introduced dyarchy in the provinces |
| Rowlatt Act | 1919 | Detention without trial — sparked nationwide protest |
| Nehru Report | 1928 | First Indian-drafted constitutional blueprint; joint electorates |
| Gandhi-Irwin Pact | 1931 | Suspended Civil Disobedience; Congress attends 2nd RTC |
| Communal Award | 1932 | Separate electorates for depressed classes & minorities |
| Poona Pact | 1932 | Reserved (not separate) seats for Depressed Classes |
| Government of India Act | 1935 | Provincial autonomy; template for later Constitution |
| August Offer | 1940 | Vague Dominion Status promise; rejected |
| Cripps Mission | 1942 | Post-war Dominion Status offer with opt-out clause — rejected |
| Cabinet Mission Plan | 1946 | Proposed loose three-tier federation — failed |
| Mountbatten Plan | 1947 | Announced Partition, 3 June 1947 |
| Indian Independence Act | 1947 | UK Parliament's Act granting independence, effective 15 August 1947 |
| Radcliffe Line/Award | 1947 | Boundary demarcation for Partition, by Sir Cyril Radcliffe |
Memory hook — pacts that ended a fast or a movement, paired: "Irwin's Pact Paused the March; Poona's Pact Paused the Fast" — the Gandhi-Irwin Pact (1931) paused Civil Disobedience; the Poona Pact (1932) paused Gandhi's fast unto death over the Communal Award. Two pacts, one year apart, each ending a different form of Gandhian pressure.
Practice Recall: Without checking the table, give the one-line meaning of each: Morley-Minto Reforms, Nehru Report, Communal Award, Poona Pact, Cripps Mission, Cabinet Mission Plan. Then verify above.
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