Study Guide · Chapter 5
Calendar, Pledge and Motto
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National Calendar
The Saka calendar (Saka Era) was officially adopted on 22 March 1957 alongside the Gregorian calendar for government purposes. Chaitra is the first month; a normal Saka year has 365 days, with an extra day added to Chaitra in leap years.
National Pledge (Oath of Allegiance)
Originally written in Telugu by Pydimarri Venkata Subba Rao in 1962, first recited officially on 26 January 1965. It is recited daily in schools across India and on occasions like Independence Day and Republic Day, expressing commitment to the country and its people.
National Motto
"Satyameva Jayate" ("Truth alone triumphs"), drawn from the Mundaka Upanishad, is inscribed below the National Emblem in Devanagari script.
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