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← Index: National Symbols of India — Complete GuideChapter 4
Study Guide · Chapter 4

Symbols of Water, Heritage and Currency — River, Aquatic Animal, Heritage Animal, ₹

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National River — Ganga

Declared India's National River on 4 November 2008 by the National Ganga River Basin Authority. India's longest river at roughly 2,525 km; considered sacred in Hinduism. The "Namami Gange" programme, launched in 2014, is the flagship river-cleaning mission built around it.

National Aquatic Animal — Gangetic River Dolphin

Platanista gangetica, declared in 2009–10. A functionally blind, echolocating freshwater dolphin found across the Ganga–Brahmaputra–Meghna river systems; also the state aquatic animal of Uttar Pradesh.

National Heritage Animal — Indian Elephant

Elephas maximus indicus, declared by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change in 2010, recognising the species' cultural and ecological significance.

National Currency Symbol — ₹

Adopted on 15 July 2010, designed by D. Udaya Kumar, an IIT Guwahati postgraduate, through a nationwide design competition. It combines the Devanagari letter "र" (ra) with the Roman capital "R," with two parallel horizontal lines standing for the Tricolour and an equality sign.

Memory hook — "2008 to 2010, the environment years": River (2008) → Aquatic Animal (2009–10) → Heritage Animal (2010) → Currency Symbol (2010). Four symbols, one three-year window.

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