Every competitive exam vocabulary section eventually strays from root-and-affix words into a different kind of item entirely: a fixed, closed-list fact — the collective noun for a group of lions, the name for the fear of enclosed spaces, the study of birds. These cannot be derived from first principles the way incontrovertible can; they simply have to be known. The tables below gather the most exam-relevant sets in one place, organised for quick revision and cross-referencing back to the roots in Part B (most of the -logy and -phobia words below use roots you've already met).
F1. Collective Nouns for Animals
Animal
Collective Noun
Animal
Collective Noun
Lions
Pride
Wolves
Pack
Fish
Shoal / School
Crows
Murder
Geese (in flight)
Skein
Geese (on ground)
Gaggle
Elephants
Herd
Owls
Parliament
Cattle
Drove / Herd
Sheep
Flock
Bees
Swarm
Ants
Colony
Larks
Exaltation
Ravens
Unkindness
Jellyfish
Smack
Kangaroos
Mob
Toads
Knot
Frogs
Army
Whales
Pod
Dolphins
Pod
Zebras
Zeal
Rhinoceroses
Crash
Peacocks
Muster / Ostentation
Turkeys
Rafter
Ferrets
Business
Foxes
Skulk / Leash
Leopards
Leap
Tigers
Ambush / Streak
Bears
Sloth
Apes
Shrewdness
Baboons
Troop
Cats (wild)
Destruction
Crocodiles
Bask
Vultures (in flight)
Kettle
Vultures (feeding)
Wake
Hyenas
Cackle
Starlings
Murmuration
Flamingos
Stand / Flamboyance
Grasshoppers
Cloud
Locusts
Plague
F2. -logy Words: Fields of Study
Word
Field of Study
Word
Field of Study
Ornithology
Birds
Entomology
Insects
Ichthyology
Fish
Herpetology
Reptiles and amphibians
Etymology
Word origins
Etiology
Causes (esp. of disease)
Cardiology
The heart
Dermatology
The skin
Numismatics*
Coins and currency
Philately*
Stamp collecting
Cartography*
Map-making
Genealogy
Family lineage/ancestry
Seismology
Earthquakes
Meteorology
Weather
Paleontology
Fossils, ancient life
Archaeology
Human history through excavation
Mythology
Myths and legends
Cosmology
The origin and structure of the universe
Anthropology
Human societies and cultures
Sociology
Society and social behaviour
Psychology
The mind and behaviour
Physiology
How living organisms function
Pathology
Disease
Toxicology
Poisons
Geology
The physical earth
Zoology
Animal life
Botany*
Plant life
Ecology
Organisms and their environment
Epistemology
The nature of knowledge
Etymography*
The writing/history of words
Gerontology
Ageing
Ophthalmology
The eye
Otolaryngology
The ear, nose, and throat
Nephrology
The kidneys
Hematology
Blood
Immunology
The immune system
Cryptology
Codes and ciphers
Graphology
Handwriting analysis
Numerology
The supposed significance of numbers
Astrology
The supposed influence of stars/planets on affairs
*Marked entries are conventional field-names that don't literally end in -logy but are grouped here because they're commonly tested alongside this set.
F3. Phobia Words: Fears
Word
Fear Of
Word
Fear Of
Acrophobia
Heights
Claustrophobia
Enclosed spaces
Agoraphobia
Open or crowded public spaces
Arachnophobia
Spiders
Ophidiophobia
Snakes
Cynophobia
Dogs
Xenophobia
Foreigners/strangers
Nyctophobia
Night/darkness
Hydrophobia
Water
Pyrophobia
Fire
Aerophobia
Flying
Aquaphobia
Water (general)
Astraphobia
Thunder and lightning
Brontophobia
Thunder
Glossophobia
Public speaking
Coulrophobia
Clowns
Hemophobia
Blood
Necrophobia
Death/dead things
Mysophobia
Germs/dirt
Nosophobia
Contracting a disease
Trypanophobia
Needles/injections
Odontophobia
Dentists
Ailurophobia
Cats
Ornithophobia
Birds
Entomophobia
Insects
Apiphobia
Bees
Ergophobia
Work
Gamophobia
Marriage
Monophobia
Being alone
Pantophobia
Everything (a general, diffuse dread)
Phonophobia
Loud sounds
Photophobia
Light
Technophobia
Technology
Xenoglossophobia
Foreign languages
Vertiginophobia
Vertigo/dizziness
Thanatophobia
Death (as a concept)
Somniphobia
Sleep
Claustromania*
(not a real fear word — set aside; included only as a caution against guessing suffix-alikes without checking)
Autophobia
Being alone/oneself
Decidophobia
Making decisions
F4. Mania Words: Obsessions and Compulsions
Word
Obsession/Compulsion With
Word
Obsession/Compulsion With
Kleptomania
Stealing (compulsive, without material need)
Pyromania
Fire-starting
Dipsomania
Alcohol
Egomania
Oneself
Monomania
A single subject or idea, to an excessive degree
Megalomania
Power, grandeur, self-importance
Bibliomania
Books
Nymphomania*
(dated clinical term; noted only for exam recognition)
Graphomania
Writing, compulsively
Trichotillomania
Pulling out one's own hair
Oniomania
Shopping (compulsive buying)
Erotomania
The delusional belief that another person is in love with oneself
On what you just read, from the live question bank. 🔒 Answers and solutions are shown to registered students (free). अध्याय पढ़ने के बाद अभ्यास करें।
1.Read the passage and answer the question:
"Knowledge and wisdom are often used interchangeably, yet they describe quite different things. Knowledge refers to the accumulation of facts, information, and technical understanding, what one knows about the world, whether through formal education, reading, or direct experience. Wisdom, by contrast, concerns the ability to apply that knowledge well, to judge which facts are relevant in a given situation, to weigh competing values and interests, and to act in ways that lead to good outcomes, often in circumstances where the right course of action is not obvious. It is entirely possible for a person to possess extensive knowledge in a subject while showing poor judgment in practical matters, and conversely, for someone with comparatively limited formal knowledge to demonstrate remarkable wisdom in navigating life's difficulties. This distinction matters because societies that prize the accumulation of information without cultivating the judgment to use it well may find themselves technically advanced yet poorly equipped to handle the ethical and practical complexities that accompany that advancement. Cultivating wisdom typically requires more than study; it requires reflection on experience, exposure to varied perspectives, and often the humility to recognise the limits of what one knows."
Question: What is the main distinction the passage draws?
2.Read the passage and answer the question:
"Knowledge and wisdom are often used interchangeably, yet they describe quite different things. Knowledge refers to the accumulation of facts, information, and technical understanding, what one knows about the world, whether through formal education, reading, or direct experience. Wisdom, by contrast, concerns the ability to apply that knowledge well, to judge which facts are relevant in a given situation, to weigh competing values and interests, and to act in ways that lead to good outcomes, often in circumstances where the right course of action is not obvious. It is entirely possible for a person to possess extensive knowledge in a subject while showing poor judgment in practical matters, and conversely, for someone with comparatively limited formal knowledge to demonstrate remarkable wisdom in navigating life's difficulties. This distinction matters because societies that prize the accumulation of information without cultivating the judgment to use it well may find themselves technically advanced yet poorly equipped to handle the ethical and practical complexities that accompany that advancement. Cultivating wisdom typically requires more than study; it requires reflection on experience, exposure to varied perspectives, and often the humility to recognise the limits of what one knows."
Question: According to the passage, what does knowledge refer to?
3.Read the passage and answer the question:
"Knowledge and wisdom are often used interchangeably, yet they describe quite different things. Knowledge refers to the accumulation of facts, information, and technical understanding, what one knows about the world, whether through formal education, reading, or direct experience. Wisdom, by contrast, concerns the ability to apply that knowledge well, to judge which facts are relevant in a given situation, to weigh competing values and interests, and to act in ways that lead to good outcomes, often in circumstances where the right course of action is not obvious. It is entirely possible for a person to possess extensive knowledge in a subject while showing poor judgment in practical matters, and conversely, for someone with comparatively limited formal knowledge to demonstrate remarkable wisdom in navigating life's difficulties. This distinction matters because societies that prize the accumulation of information without cultivating the judgment to use it well may find themselves technically advanced yet poorly equipped to handle the ethical and practical complexities that accompany that advancement. Cultivating wisdom typically requires more than study; it requires reflection on experience, exposure to varied perspectives, and often the humility to recognise the limits of what one knows."
Question: According to the passage, what does wisdom concern?
4.Read the passage and answer the question:
"Knowledge and wisdom are often used interchangeably, yet they describe quite different things. Knowledge refers to the accumulation of facts, information, and technical understanding, what one knows about the world, whether through formal education, reading, or direct experience. Wisdom, by contrast, concerns the ability to apply that knowledge well, to judge which facts are relevant in a given situation, to weigh competing values and interests, and to act in ways that lead to good outcomes, often in circumstances where the right course of action is not obvious. It is entirely possible for a person to possess extensive knowledge in a subject while showing poor judgment in practical matters, and conversely, for someone with comparatively limited formal knowledge to demonstrate remarkable wisdom in navigating life's difficulties. This distinction matters because societies that prize the accumulation of information without cultivating the judgment to use it well may find themselves technically advanced yet poorly equipped to handle the ethical and practical complexities that accompany that advancement. Cultivating wisdom typically requires more than study; it requires reflection on experience, exposure to varied perspectives, and often the humility to recognise the limits of what one knows."
Question: Can someone have extensive knowledge but poor judgment, according to the passage?
5.Read the passage and answer the question:
"Knowledge and wisdom are often used interchangeably, yet they describe quite different things. Knowledge refers to the accumulation of facts, information, and technical understanding, what one knows about the world, whether through formal education, reading, or direct experience. Wisdom, by contrast, concerns the ability to apply that knowledge well, to judge which facts are relevant in a given situation, to weigh competing values and interests, and to act in ways that lead to good outcomes, often in circumstances where the right course of action is not obvious. It is entirely possible for a person to possess extensive knowledge in a subject while showing poor judgment in practical matters, and conversely, for someone with comparatively limited formal knowledge to demonstrate remarkable wisdom in navigating life's difficulties. This distinction matters because societies that prize the accumulation of information without cultivating the judgment to use it well may find themselves technically advanced yet poorly equipped to handle the ethical and practical complexities that accompany that advancement. Cultivating wisdom typically requires more than study; it requires reflection on experience, exposure to varied perspectives, and often the humility to recognise the limits of what one knows."
Question: What risk does the passage associate with societies that prize information accumulation without cultivating judgment?
6.Read the passage and answer the question:
"Knowledge and wisdom are often used interchangeably, yet they describe quite different things. Knowledge refers to the accumulation of facts, information, and technical understanding, what one knows about the world, whether through formal education, reading, or direct experience. Wisdom, by contrast, concerns the ability to apply that knowledge well, to judge which facts are relevant in a given situation, to weigh competing values and interests, and to act in ways that lead to good outcomes, often in circumstances where the right course of action is not obvious. It is entirely possible for a person to possess extensive knowledge in a subject while showing poor judgment in practical matters, and conversely, for someone with comparatively limited formal knowledge to demonstrate remarkable wisdom in navigating life's difficulties. This distinction matters because societies that prize the accumulation of information without cultivating the judgment to use it well may find themselves technically advanced yet poorly equipped to handle the ethical and practical complexities that accompany that advancement. Cultivating wisdom typically requires more than study; it requires reflection on experience, exposure to varied perspectives, and often the humility to recognise the limits of what one knows."
Question: In the context of the passage, the word "cultivating" most nearly means:
7.Read the passage and answer the question:
"Knowledge and wisdom are often used interchangeably, yet they describe quite different things. Knowledge refers to the accumulation of facts, information, and technical understanding, what one knows about the world, whether through formal education, reading, or direct experience. Wisdom, by contrast, concerns the ability to apply that knowledge well, to judge which facts are relevant in a given situation, to weigh competing values and interests, and to act in ways that lead to good outcomes, often in circumstances where the right course of action is not obvious. It is entirely possible for a person to possess extensive knowledge in a subject while showing poor judgment in practical matters, and conversely, for someone with comparatively limited formal knowledge to demonstrate remarkable wisdom in navigating life's difficulties. This distinction matters because societies that prize the accumulation of information without cultivating the judgment to use it well may find themselves technically advanced yet poorly equipped to handle the ethical and practical complexities that accompany that advancement. Cultivating wisdom typically requires more than study; it requires reflection on experience, exposure to varied perspectives, and often the humility to recognise the limits of what one knows."
Question: In the context of the passage, the word "humility" most nearly means:
8.Read the passage and answer the question:
"Knowledge and wisdom are often used interchangeably, yet they describe quite different things. Knowledge refers to the accumulation of facts, information, and technical understanding, what one knows about the world, whether through formal education, reading, or direct experience. Wisdom, by contrast, concerns the ability to apply that knowledge well, to judge which facts are relevant in a given situation, to weigh competing values and interests, and to act in ways that lead to good outcomes, often in circumstances where the right course of action is not obvious. It is entirely possible for a person to possess extensive knowledge in a subject while showing poor judgment in practical matters, and conversely, for someone with comparatively limited formal knowledge to demonstrate remarkable wisdom in navigating life's difficulties. This distinction matters because societies that prize the accumulation of information without cultivating the judgment to use it well may find themselves technically advanced yet poorly equipped to handle the ethical and practical complexities that accompany that advancement. Cultivating wisdom typically requires more than study; it requires reflection on experience, exposure to varied perspectives, and often the humility to recognise the limits of what one knows."
Question: What does the passage suggest is required to cultivate wisdom?
9.Read the passage and answer the question:
"Knowledge and wisdom are often used interchangeably, yet they describe quite different things. Knowledge refers to the accumulation of facts, information, and technical understanding, what one knows about the world, whether through formal education, reading, or direct experience. Wisdom, by contrast, concerns the ability to apply that knowledge well, to judge which facts are relevant in a given situation, to weigh competing values and interests, and to act in ways that lead to good outcomes, often in circumstances where the right course of action is not obvious. It is entirely possible for a person to possess extensive knowledge in a subject while showing poor judgment in practical matters, and conversely, for someone with comparatively limited formal knowledge to demonstrate remarkable wisdom in navigating life's difficulties. This distinction matters because societies that prize the accumulation of information without cultivating the judgment to use it well may find themselves technically advanced yet poorly equipped to handle the ethical and practical complexities that accompany that advancement. Cultivating wisdom typically requires more than study; it requires reflection on experience, exposure to varied perspectives, and often the humility to recognise the limits of what one knows."
Question: What can be inferred about a person with limited formal education, based on the passage?
10.Read the passage and answer the question:
"Knowledge and wisdom are often used interchangeably, yet they describe quite different things. Knowledge refers to the accumulation of facts, information, and technical understanding, what one knows about the world, whether through formal education, reading, or direct experience. Wisdom, by contrast, concerns the ability to apply that knowledge well, to judge which facts are relevant in a given situation, to weigh competing values and interests, and to act in ways that lead to good outcomes, often in circumstances where the right course of action is not obvious. It is entirely possible for a person to possess extensive knowledge in a subject while showing poor judgment in practical matters, and conversely, for someone with comparatively limited formal knowledge to demonstrate remarkable wisdom in navigating life's difficulties. This distinction matters because societies that prize the accumulation of information without cultivating the judgment to use it well may find themselves technically advanced yet poorly equipped to handle the ethical and practical complexities that accompany that advancement. Cultivating wisdom typically requires more than study; it requires reflection on experience, exposure to varied perspectives, and often the humility to recognise the limits of what one knows."
Question: What is the overall tone of the passage?