IMPORTANT ONE-LINERS FOR QUICK REVISION

IMPORTANT ONE-LINERS FOR QUICK REVISION

1. Vellore Mutiny (1806) is considered the first sepoy mutiny against the British.
2. The Revolt of 1857 began at Meerut on 10 May 1857.
3. Mangal Pandey revolted at Barrackpore on 29 March 1857 and was hanged on 8 April 1857.
4. Bahadur Shah Zafar, the last Mughal emperor, was the symbolic leader of the 1857 revolt.
5. Rani Lakshmibai died fighting at Kotah-ki-Serai near Gwalior in 1858.
6. The Government of India Act, 1858 transferred control of India from the East India Company to the British Crown.
7. The Indian National Congress was founded on 28 December 1885 in Bombay by A.O. Hume; first President was W.C. Bonnerjee.
8. Dadabhai Naoroji propounded the "Drain of Wealth" theory in his book "Poverty and Un-British Rule in India" (1901).
9. Gopal Krishna Gokhale founded the Servants of India Society in 1905 and was Gandhi's political mentor.
10. Lord Curzon partitioned Bengal on 16 October 1905; it was annulled in 1911.
11. "Lal-Bal-Pal" refers to Lala Lajpat Rai, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, and Bipin Chandra Pal.
12. Tilak's famous slogan was "Swaraj is my birthright and I shall have it."
13. The Surat Split of 1907 divided the Congress into Moderates and Extremists; they reunited at Lucknow in 1916.
14. Khudiram Bose and Prafulla Chaki were involved in the Alipore Bomb Case (1908), targeting Kingsford.
15. The Ghadar Party was founded in 1913 in San Francisco by Indian revolutionaries abroad.
16. The Kakori Conspiracy (9 August 1925) was led by Ramprasad Bismil and associates.
17. Bhagat Singh, Rajguru, and Sukhdev were hanged on 23 March 1931, observed as Shaheed Diwas.
18. Chandrashekhar Azad died at Alfred Park, Allahabad, on 27 February 1931.
19. The Home Rule Movement (1916) was led separately by Tilak and Annie Besant.
20. Annie Besant became the first woman President of the INC in 1917.
21. The Lucknow Pact (1916) was signed between the Congress and the Muslim League, accepting separate electorates for Muslims.
22. Champaran Satyagraha (1917) was Gandhi's first satyagraha in India, against the Tinkathia system.
23. Gandhi undertook his first hunger strike in India during the Ahmedabad Mill Strike (1918).
24. The Rowlatt Act (1919) was popularly called the "Black Act."
25. The Jallianwala Bagh massacre occurred on 13 April 1919 (Baisakhi day) under orders of General Dyer.
26. Rabindranath Tagore renounced his knighthood in protest against the Jallianwala Bagh massacre.
27. The Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-22) combined the Khilafat and Swaraj demands.
28. Gandhi withdrew the Non-Cooperation Movement after the Chauri Chaura incident of 5 February 1922.
29. The Swaraj Party was formed in 1923 by C.R. Das and Motilal Nehru.
30. The Simon Commission (1927-28) was boycotted as it had no Indian members; greeted with "Simon Go Back" slogans.
31. Lala Lajpat Rai died in November 1928 from injuries sustained during a lathi charge protesting the Simon Commission.
32. The Nehru Report (1928), chaired by Motilal Nehru, recommended Dominion Status and joint electorates.
33. At the Lahore Session (1929), presided over by Jawaharlal Nehru, the Congress adopted "Purna Swaraj" as its goal.
34. 26 January 1930 was observed as the first "Independence Day"/Purna Swaraj Day.
35. The Dandi March began on 12 March 1930 from Sabarmati Ashram and ended on 6 April 1930 at Dandi.
36. The Gandhi-Irwin Pact was signed on 5 March 1931.
37. The Poona Pact (24 September 1932) was signed between Gandhi and Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, ending separate electorates for Depressed Classes.
38. Provincial elections were held in 1937 under the Government of India Act, 1935; Congress won in 8 of 11 provinces.
39. Congress ministries resigned in 1939 protesting India's involvement in WWII without consultation.
40. Individual Satyagraha (1940-41) began with Vinoba Bhave as the first satyagrahi.
41. The Cripps Mission (1942) was rejected by Gandhi, who called it "a post-dated cheque on a crashing bank."
42. The Quit India Movement was launched on 8 August 1942 at Gowalia Tank Maidan, Bombay, with the call "Do or Die."
43. Aruna Asaf Ali hoisted the Congress flag at Gowalia Tank Maidan during the Quit India Movement.
44. Usha Mehta ran an underground "Congress Radio" during the Quit India Movement.
45. Subhas Chandra Bose proclaimed the Azad Hind (Provisional) Government on 21 October 1943 in Singapore.
46. The Rani of Jhansi Regiment of the INA was led by Captain Lakshmi Sahgal.
47. Subhas Chandra Bose is believed to have died in an air crash in Taipei on 18 August 1945.
48. The INA (Red Fort) Trials (1945-46) involved Colonel Prem Sahgal, Colonel G.S. Dhillon, and Major General Shah Nawaz Khan.
49. The Royal Indian Navy (RIN) Mutiny broke out in February 1946, starting with HMIS Talwar in Bombay.
50. The Cabinet Mission Plan (1946) proposed a three-tier federal structure but rejected a full separate Pakistan.
51. "Direct Action Day" was observed by the Muslim League on 16 August 1946, leading to the Great Calcutta Killings.
52. Lord Mountbatten's Plan for Partition was announced on 3 June 1947.
53. Pakistan came into existence on 14 August 1947; India became independent on 15 August 1947.
54. Jawaharlal Nehru delivered the "Tryst with Destiny" speech on the midnight of 14-15 August 1947.
55. The Radcliffe Line, drawn by Sir Cyril Radcliffe, demarcated the India-Pakistan border.
56. Mahatma Gandhi was assassinated on 30 January 1948 by Nathuram Godse.
57. Sarojini Naidu was the first Indian woman President of the INC (Kanpur session, 1925).
58. Bhikaiji Cama hoisted an early version of the Indian flag at Stuttgart, Germany, in 1907.
59. Birsa Munda led the Munda Rebellion (Ulgulan) of 1899-1900 in Chotanagpur.
60. The All India Trade Union Congress (AITUC) was founded in 1920 with Lala Lajpat Rai as its first President.