Study Guide · Chapter 24
Rapid-Fire Revision Table
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| Ask yourself... | Answer |
|---|---|
| How many baskets remain in Part III? | 6 (property removed, 1978) |
| Which rights among 14–18 are citizens-only? | 15 & 16 |
| Widest writ jurisdiction — 32 or 226? | 226 (also covers non-FR legal rights) |
| Which two rights can't be suspended even in Emergency? | 20 & 21 |
| Which amendment added Fundamental Duties? | 42nd (1976) |
| How many Fundamental Duties are there today? | 11 |
| Which Duty was added last, and when? | 51A(k), 2002, 86th Amendment |
| Article that voids inconsistent laws? | 13 |
| Article defining "State" for Part III? | 12 |
| Which saving clause covers Ninth Schedule Acts? | 31B |
| Case that first read privacy into Art. 21? | Puttaswamy (2017) |
| Case that overruled Gopalan's narrow Art. 21 reading? | Maneka Gandhi (1978) |
| Case that invented the Basic Structure doctrine? | Kesavananda Bharati (1973) |
| Case that restored FR–DPSP "balance" after 42nd Amdt.? | Minerva Mills (1980) |
| Which article distinguishes individual vs group religious freedom? | Art. 25 (individual) vs Art. 26 (denomination) |
| Which case created the "essential religious practices" test? | Shirur Mutt (1954) |
| Which four articles are horizontally enforceable against private parties? | 15(2), 17, 23, 24 |
| Which amendment inserted Article 21A? | 86th (2002) |
| Which Act gives Article 21A statutory content? | RTE Act, 2009 |
| Reservation ceiling laid down, and by which case? | 50%, Indra Sawhney (1992) |
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