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← Index: Fundamental Rights and Duties: Quick Revision NotesChapter 5
Study Guide · Chapter 5

Citizens-Only vs Everyone

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Right Available to
Art. 15 (non-discrimination) Citizens only
Art. 16 (public employment) Citizens only
Art. 19 (six freedoms) Citizens only
Art. 29 (minority interests) Citizens only
Art. 30 (minority institutions) Minorities (citizens)
Art. 14 (equality before law) Everyone, incl. foreigners
Art. 20, 21, 21A, 22 Everyone
Art. 23, 24 Everyone
Art. 25–28 (religion) Everyone

Quick rule: if the right concerns equality/liberty/dignity/human safety, it is universal (extends even to foreigners, and in some readings even to legal persons like companies for limited purposes); if it concerns belonging to the political or cultural community (public jobs, political-style speech, minority-run institutions), it is citizens-only. This rule resolves the great majority of "who can claim this right" questions without needing to memorise each article separately.


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