Study Guide · Chapter 3
The Six Baskets at a Glance
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Mnemonic: "Every Friendly Advocate Respects Citizens' Choices"
| Letter | Basket | Articles |
|---|---|---|
| E | Equality | 14–18 |
| F | Freedom | 19–22 |
| A | Against Exploitation | 23–24 |
| R | Religion | 25–28 |
| C | Culture & Education | 29–30 |
| C | Constitutional Remedies | 32 |
- The original Constitution of 1950 had seven Fundamental Rights, including the Right to Property at Article 31. The 44th Amendment (1978) — passed in the aftermath of the Emergency, precisely to prevent a repeat of the property-rights litigation logjam of the 1960s and 70s — removed it from Part III altogether and reinserted a much weaker version as Article 300A, a mere legal (not fundamental) right in Part XII. Since then only six baskets remain.
- Articles 12 and 13 don't create rights themselves; they are the "general provisions" that make the rest of Part III operative — 12 tells you who Part III binds, and 13 tells you what happens to a law that violates it.
- Part III sits between Part II (Citizenship) and Part IV (Directive Principles) — a placement that is not accidental: rights follow citizenship/personhood, and are meant to be read alongside (and sometimes in tension with) the State's policy directives that follow immediately after.
Practice Recall: Before reading on, try to name all six baskets of Fundamental Rights, in order, from memory — then check yourself against the table above.
Answer: Equality (14–18), Freedom (19–22), Against Exploitation (23–24), Religion (25–28), Culture & Education (29–30), Constitutional Remedies (32).
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