Flash-Check

Twenty-five rapid questions to test recall before you close the book — cover the answers with your hand.

1. Which two articles are the "general provisions" of Part III, and what does each do?
2. Name the doctrine under which only the offending part of a statute is struck down, leaving the rest intact.
3. What is the two-part test for a "reasonable classification" under Article 14?
4. Which six freedoms does Article 19(1) guarantee, and to whom?
5. Which freedom under Article 19 was deleted by the 44th Amendment?
6. What are the three protections under Article 20, and which of them applies even without a completed prosecution?
7. What was A.K. Gopalan's reading of Article 21, and how did Maneka Gandhi change it?
8. Name at least five rights the judiciary has read into Article 21 since 1978.
9. Which amendment inserted Article 21A, and which Act gives it statutory teeth?
10. Under Article 22, name two safeguards available in ordinary arrest but denied in preventive detention.
11. Which two articles under "Against Exploitation" are enforceable against private individuals, not just the State?
12. What is the key textual difference between Article 25 and Article 26?
13. What test did Shirur Mutt establish, and how was it applied in the Sabarimala case?
14. What is the difference between Article 29 and Article 30?
15. Which case is the source of the "50% reservation ceiling" and the "creamy layer" concept?
16. Distinguish a legal right, a constitutional right, and a Fundamental Right, in order of protective strength.
17. What is horizontal application of rights, and name three articles that apply horizontally.
18. Name the three broad categories DPSPs are usually grouped into, with one article example each.
19. Which case first held that Parliament's amending power could not touch Fundamental Rights, and which case later overruled it?
20. What did Kesavananda Bharati decide, and by what margin?
21. What did Minerva Mills strike down, and why?
22. Which amendment added Fundamental Duties, on whose recommendation?
23. What is unique about Fundamental Duty 51A(k), both in when it was added and in what it mirrors?
24. Which writ tests the legality of a person's detention, and which questions a person's right to hold public office?
25. Which article allows Parliament to restrict Fundamental Rights for the armed forces, and which allows restriction during martial law?