Thirty-Five-Question Flash Check

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Name the five mechanisms by which a natural lake can form. — Tectonic, glacial, volcanic/crater, oxbow, lagoon.
Which mechanism explains why a lake becomes saline rather than freshwater? — A closed (endorheic) basin with no outflow, where evaporation concentrates dissolved salts.
Name the five Great Lakes in order from largest to smallest by surface area. — Superior, Huron, Michigan, Erie, Ontario.
Which Great Lake lies entirely within one country, and which country? — Lake Michigan; entirely within the United States.
Which Great Lake is largest by volume, and is it the same as the one largest by area? — Lake Superior is largest by both area and volume.
Which Great Lake has the smallest volume despite not being the smallest by area? — Lake Erie — third-largest by area but smallest by volume, owing to its shallow average depth.
What canal-and-lock system lets ocean ships reach the Great Lakes from the Atlantic? — The St. Lawrence Seaway.
What is the world's largest inland body of water by surface area, and how many countries border it? — The Caspian Sea; five countries (Russia, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Iran, Azerbaijan).
Why is the Caspian called a "sea" rather than a "lake" despite being landlocked? — It holds saline water and sits in a basin historically connected to the ocean (a Paratethys Sea remnant), even though it has no outlet today.
Which lake is the world's deepest, and what is its approximate maximum depth? — Lake Baikal, Russia; approximately 1,642 metres.
What share of the world's unfrozen fresh surface water does Lake Baikal alone hold? — Roughly 20%.
Which lake is also the world's oldest, and roughly how old is it? — Lake Baikal; roughly 25–30 million years.
Which sea has shrunk by over 90% of its volume due to Soviet-era irrigation diversion, and which two countries share it? — The Aral Sea; Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan.
What dam has partially restored the northern portion of the Aral Sea? — The Kok-Aral Dam, completed 2005.
Which African lake is the world's largest tropical lake, and which three countries border it? — Lake Victoria; Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania.
Which African lake is the world's longest freshwater lake and the world's second-deepest? — Lake Tanganyika.
Which lake is the world's highest navigable lake (for large vessels), and roughly what elevation? — Lake Titicaca; roughly 3,812 metres.
What indigenous community built Titicaca's famous floating reed islands? — The Uros people.
What is the lowest point on Earth's land surface, and roughly how far below sea level? — The Dead Sea shoreline; roughly 430 metres below sea level.
Why is the Dead Sea shrinking? — Upstream damming and diversion of the Jordan River has sharply cut its inflow, which used to offset evaporation.
Which is Europe's largest lake, and which is its second-largest? — Lake Ladoga (largest), Lake Onega (second-largest), both in Russia.
Which is the largest lake entirely within Canada, and which is Canada's deepest? — Great Bear Lake (largest); Great Slave Lake (deepest).
Which is India's largest freshwater lake, and what state is it in? — Wular Lake, Jammu & Kashmir.
Which is India's largest inland saline lake? — Sambhar Lake, Rajasthan.
Which is India's (and Asia's) largest brackish-water lagoon, and when was it designated India's first Ramsar site? — Chilika Lake, Odisha; 1981.
Which lake is India's second-largest brackish-water lake, and what barrier island separates it from the sea? — Pulicat Lake; Sriharikota Island.
Which is India's longest lake, and what low-lying rice-growing region lies on its shores? — Vembanad Lake, Kerala; the Kuttanad region.
What is India's only confirmed meteorite-impact crater lake, and roughly how old is the impact? — Lonar Lake, Maharashtra; roughly 35,000–50,000 years old.
What floating vegetation feature makes Loktak Lake famous, and what endangered deer lives on the largest such mass inside a specific national park? — Phumdis; the Sangai (brow-antlered deer), inside Keibul Lamjao National Park.
Name two Kashmir/Ladakh lakes that are famous but are NOT Ramsar-designated, and their Ramsar-designated counterparts. — Dal Lake (vs. Ramsar-listed Wular Lake) and Pangong Tso (vs. Ramsar-listed Tso Moriri).
Which lake is the textbook example of a true volcanic-caldera lake in the United States, and how does its origin differ from Lonar Lake's? — Crater Lake, Oregon — formed by a volcanic caldera collapse; Lonar formed from a meteorite impact, not volcanic activity.
Name the African lake that has shrunk by over 90% since the 1960s due to reduced rainfall and irrigation withdrawal, distinct from the Aral Sea's single-project cause. — Lake Chad.
Which Kerala lake is the primary drinking-water source for Kollam town? — Sasthamkotta Lake.
What two lakes make up the Bhoj Wetland Ramsar site in Madhya Pradesh, and which is the older, dam-created one? — Bhopal's Upper Lake and Lower Lake; the Upper Lake, created by an 11th-century dam.
Name the three Chambal river reservoirs in downstream order. — Gandhi Sagar, Rana Pratap Sagar, Jawahar Sagar.

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