14. Rowlatt Act, Jallianwala Bagh and Khilafat

The Rowlatt Act (1919) extended extraordinary powers and allowed detention without ordinary trial safeguards. The Jallianwala Bagh massacre occurred at Amritsar on 13 April 1919 under General Dyer. The Khilafat issue, led by figures including the Ali brothers, created a basis for temporary Hindu–Muslim political cooperation, and Gandhi supported it alongside opposition to colonial repression.

Exact associations

Worked understanding

Read this chapter as a connected chain: Rowlatt Act, Jallianwala Bagh and Khilafat is linked to the institutions, people, dates and consequences above. On a direct SSC question, retrieve the exact association; on a higher-level question, add the reason or consequence rather than listing names.

Solved examples from this chapter

What an examiner is testing

The options around Rowlatt Act, Jallianwala Bagh and Khilafat are usually built from a nearby date, person, place or organisation. Read the stem for its anchor word, eliminate options from the wrong period, and then use the table to confirm the exact pair. A one-line explanation is the best protection against a lucky guess.

Step-by-step answer construction

Example 1: Jallianwala Bagh massacre took place at: Start by locating the question in the chapter’s period and association table. Eliminate the options belonging to another movement, Act, person or region. The supported answer is Amritsar, because It occurred at Amritsar.

Example 2: The Rowlatt Act was passed in: Start by locating the question in the chapter’s period and association table. Eliminate the options belonging to another movement, Act, person or region. The supported answer is 1919, because It was enacted in 1919.

Example 3: Khilafat movement was associated with: Start by locating the question in the chapter’s period and association table. Eliminate the options belonging to another movement, Act, person or region. The supported answer is Ali brothers, because The Ali brothers were major leaders.

Chapter practice

1. Jallianwala Bagh massacre took place at:

(A) Amritsar (B) Lahore (C) Delhi (D) Kanpur

Answer: A. Amritsar | Explanation: It occurred at Amritsar.

2. The Rowlatt Act was passed in:

(A) 1909 (B) 1919 (C) 1935 (D) 1942

Answer: B. 1919 | Explanation: It was enacted in 1919.

3. Khilafat movement was associated with:

(A) Ali brothers (B) Savarkar only (C) Naoroji (D) Munro

Answer: A. Ali brothers | Explanation: The Ali brothers were major leaders.

Chronology and causation drill

For Rowlatt Act, Jallianwala Bagh and Khilafat, write the five-link chain: period or date → place → person or organisation → immediate issue → consequence. Then add the nearest confusing event and one precise difference. This is the format that turns static history into reliable SSC CGL recall.