General Science Questions with Answers

General Science questions with answers

10 sample questions from this topic with the correct option and the solution.

1. Q1. The complex tissue that transports food in plants is called __________, and it consists of living cells like sieve tubes and __________.

   1. Xylem, xylem fibres
   2. Xylem, tracheids
   3. Collenchyma, sclerenchyma
   4. Phloem, companion cells

   Answer: (D) Phloem, companion cells

   Solution

   Phloem is the complex tissue that transports food (prepared in the leaves) to different parts of the plant. It is made of living cells such as sieve tubes and companion cells, along with phloem parenchyma and fibres. Xylem, in contrast, transports water and minerals and is mostly made of dead cells.

2. Q2. Which of the following statements is/are true when two different resistors R1 and R2 are connected in parallel to one another in a circuit? (i) The potential difference across each of them is same. (ii) The current through both of them will be the same. (iii) Their equivalent resistance is equal to R1 + R2.

   1. Only (i)
   2. Only (ii)
   3. Both (ii) and (iii)
   4. Both (i) and (iii)

   Answer: (A) Only (i)

   Solution

   In a parallel connection, both resistors are joined across the same two points, so the potential difference across each of them is the same. The current divides between them in inverse proportion to their resistances, so it is not the same through both unless R1 equals R². The equivalent resistance in parallel is given by 1/R = 1/R1 + 1/R², not R1 + R² (that is for series). Hence only statement (i) is true.

3. Q3. The splitting of a unicellular organism into two equal daughter cells containing identical genetic material is termed as which of the following?

   1. Conjugation
   2. Budding
   3. Spore formation
   4. Binary fission

   Answer: (D) Binary fission

   Solution

   In binary fission, a unicellular organism such as amoeba or bacteria divides into two equal daughter cells, each with identical genetic material. Budding gives unequal outgrowths, spore formation produces spores, and conjugation involves exchange of genetic material between two cells. So the process described is binary fission.

4. Q4. A block of mass 1 kg is dropped from the top of a building of height X m. What will be the value of X if the block hits the ground with a velocity of 20 m/s? (Take the value of g = 10 m/s²)

   1. 200 m
   2. B).2 m
   3. 20 m
   4. 2 m

   Answer: (C) 20 m

   Solution

   The block falls freely from rest, so initial velocity u = 0. Using v² = u² + 2gh, we get 20² = 0 + 2 x 10 x X. So 400 = 20X, which gives X = 20 m. The mass of the block does not affect the result.

5. Q5. The weight of an object is less on the Moon than on the Earth because:

   1. the object becomes lighter due to air resistance
   2. the mass of the object decreases on the Moon
   3. the Moon attracts objects with more force
   4. the Moon has smaller acceleration due to gravity than the Earth

   Answer: (D) the Moon has smaller acceleration due to gravity than the Earth

   Solution

   The weight of an object is W = mg, where g is the acceleration due to gravity. The Moon has smaller mass and radius than the Earth, so its g is about one-sixth of the Earth's. The mass of the object stays the same everywhere, so its weight is less on the Moon because the Moon has smaller acceleration due to gravity.

6. Q6. Some simple multicellular organisms reproduce by first splitting into multiple pieces. Then each of these pieces grow up into a new individual. What is this method of reproduction known as?

   1. Regeneration
   2. Binary fission
   3. Multiple fission
   4. Fragmentation

   Answer: (D) Fragmentation

   Solution

   In fragmentation, the body of a simple multicellular organism breaks into two or more pieces, and each piece grows into a new individual. Spirogyra is a common example. Binary and multiple fission occur in unicellular organisms, and regeneration is the growth of a lost body part, so fragmentation is the correct answer.

7. Q7. The unicellular organism amoeba has a __________ shape.

   1. fixed
   2. star
   3. sleeper
   4. changing

   Answer: (D) changing

   Solution

   Amoeba has no fixed body shape. It constantly extends and retracts temporary finger-like projections called pseudopodia to move and capture food. Because of this, its shape keeps changing.

8. Q8. Which of the following statements is/are correct? A) The formula unit mass of CaCl₂ is 111 u. B) The formula unit mass is calculated in the same manner as we calculate the molecular mass. C) The formula unit mass is calculated in a manner that is different to how we calculate the molecular mass.

   1. Only A and B
   2. Only A
   3. Only B and C
   4. Only C

   Answer: (A) Only A and B

9. Q9. The magnetic field around a straight current-carrying conductor:

   1. points along the conductor
   2. forms concentric circles around the conductor
   3. points radially outward
   4. is zero

   Answer: (B) forms concentric circles around the conductor

   Solution

   By Oersted's experiment and the right-hand thumb rule, the magnetic field around a straight current-carrying wire circles the wire. The field lines are concentric circles centred on the conductor, in planes perpendicular to it. Their direction is given by the curl of the fingers when the thumb points along the current.

10. Q10. The Law of Conservation of Mass was given by:

    1. Joseph Proust
    2. Ernest Rutherford
    3. John Dalton
    4. Antoine Lavoisier

    Answer: (D) Antoine Lavoisier

    Solution

    The Law of Conservation of Mass states that mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction. This law was given by Antoine Lavoisier in 1789. Joseph Proust gave the Law of Definite Proportions, and John Dalton proposed the atomic theory.