Begin every scheme with five questions: who administers it, who qualifies, what the benefit is, how it is delivered, and which dated order or official page controls the answer. The same public objective may be served by several instruments. A mother may receive a school-related transfer, her child may receive a meal and learning materials, and the school may receive infrastructure funds. These are separate interventions even though each supports education.

Government branding changes with administrations. “Navaratnalu” described a package of the 2019-24 period, while the later government uses names including “Super Six” and other programmes. A previous scheme can be ended, redesigned, renamed or partly continued through a new department process. Never assert a one-to-one successor merely because two schemes share a target group. A reliable comparison must name the old scheme's date, the new order, and whether the mechanism actually changed.

For the exam, classify by benefit: cash transfer, in-kind service, subsidy, insurance, price support, public infrastructure or regulatory concession. Then attach a responsible level: state department, district office, mandal, village/ward secretariat, school, APSRTC depot or urban local body. This method solves unfamiliar current-affairs questions better than a memorised slogan.

Worked example: A question offers four names but asks which programme gives an in-kind meal. First classify the benefits, not the political labels. A school lunch is food served at school; a school-linked transfer moves money to a guardian; a kit supplies materials; a building grant improves an asset. After selecting the correct type, check the dated department order for eligibility. This two-stage method survives a scheme rename better than memorising slogans.

Active recall: Choose a scheme and state its beneficiary, benefit, delivery channel, source date and implementing institution.