Irrigation planning must account for too much and too little water. A coastal flood may need drainage and crop-loss assessment, while a drought may require water allocation, adjusted sowing and contingency crops. APSAC's seasonal monitoring supports drought assessment through remote-sensing and other data. A reservoir's daily level is an operational input, not a permanent AP geography fact.

Some large projects have multiple goals, including irrigation, flood moderation, power or drinking-water support. A scheme's purpose should be read from its official project document; do not assign every goal to every structure. A candidate can avoid many traps by distinguishing hazard, response and infrastructure. A barrage can help regulate diversion but is not a substitute for all flood-protection works. A micro-irrigation line can save applied water but cannot by itself end a basin-wide drought.

Worked example: Flood control can protect a delta crop, while drought response may prioritise drinking water or protective irrigation inland. A release decision depends on reservoir level, forecast and allocation rules. A statement that rain was 'above normal in AP' does not describe each basin. For exam reasoning, identify hazard, location and relevant water authority before choosing an intervention.

Active recall: Pair flood with one field-management need and drought with one planning need.